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SQL查询以选择满足先决条件的主题

[英]SQL Query to select subjects that satisfy prerequisite requirements

I have the following tables: 我有以下表格:

COURSE 课程

+----------+-------------------------+
| course_id |      course_name       |
+-----------+------------------------+
|        1  |                   s001 |
|        2  |                   s002 |
|        3  |                   s003 |
|        4  |                   s004 |
+-----------+------------------------+

COURSE_PREREQUISITES COURSE_PREREQUISITES

+----------+-------------------------+
| course_id | prerequisite_course_id |
+-----------+------------------------+
|        3  |                   2    |
+-----------+------------------------+
|        4  |                   1    |
+-----------+------------------------+  
|        4  |                   2    |
+-----------+------------------------+
|        4  |                   3    |
+-----------+------------------------+

My question is: Given a list of Course IDs a student has completed, how can I obtain a list of courses the student is eligible to participate in? 我的问题是:给定学生已完成的课程ID列表,我如何获得该学生有资格参加的课程列表?

Example

If a student has completed course_id 2, the query should return courses: 1, (since it has no prerequisites) and 3 but not 4 since 4 has 1,3 as prerequisites as well. 如果学生已完成course_id 2,则查询应返回课程:1,(因为它没有先决条件)和3,但不是4,因为4也有1,3作为先决条件。

Attempt at a solution 尝试解决方案

I have tried using the IN statement like so for a student who has completed the course 2: 对于已完成课程2的学生,我已经尝试使用IN语句:

SELECT DISTINCT course_id FROM COURSE_PREREQUISITES
  WHERE prerequisite_course_id IN (2) 

but it obviously fails since it returns all courses that satisfy at least one prerequisite which is not what I need. 但是它显然失败了,因为它返回了至少满足我所不需要的一个前提条件的所有课程。

I came across this question which is similar: Select rows that match all items in a list . 我遇到了类似的问题: 选择与list中所有项目匹配的行 But the provided solution does not work in my case, since the number of prerequisites for a course is not fixed. 但是提供的解决方案在我的情况下不起作用,因为课程的先决条件数量是不确定的。

Finally, I would also like to know if NOSQL databases (couchDB, mongoDB) are better suited for problems like these. 最后,我还想知道NOSQL数据库(couchDB,mongoDB)是否更适合此类问题。

accept cid;

select a.course_id from 
(select course_id, max(prerequisite_course_id) as prerequisite_course_id from course_prerequisites 
group by course_id 
having count(*)=1) a 
where a.prerequisite_course_id=&cid
union
select b.course_id from
(select course_id from course where course_id!=&cid) b
left join course_prerequisites c 
on b.course_id=c.course_id where c.course_id is null;

The first half before the union is to get the course_id for the course which has the supplied input as prerequisite and the other half after the union is to select the courses that don't have any prerequisites. 联合之前的前半部分将获取具有输入的输入作为先决条件的课程的course_id,而联合之后的另一半将选择没有任何先决条件的课程。

This works in oracle. 这在oracle中有效。 The accept is to get input at run time. 接受是在运行时获取输入。 For the other dbs you can ignore the accept statement and pass in the course_id in place of &cid. 对于其他数据库,您可以忽略accept语句,并使用course_id代替&cid。

With a left join from COURSE to COURSE_PREREQUISITES : COURSE左转到COURSE_PREREQUISITES

select c.*
from course c left join course_prerequisites cp
on cp.course_id = c.course_id
where 
  c.course_id <> 2
  and 
  (
    cp.prerequisite_course_id is null
    or
    (
      cp.prerequisite_course_id = 2
      and
      (select count(*) from course_prerequisites where course_id = c.course_id) = 1
    )
  ) 
order by c.course_id

See the demo 观看演示

Assuming you have for example two input courses (1,2) then you may use the following query 假设您有两个输入课程(1,2)则可以使用以下查询

select distinct c.course_id 
from courses c
left join course_prerequisites cp on cp.course_id = c.course_id
group by c.course_id
having count(case when cp.prerequisite_course_id not in (1,2) then 1 end) = 0

Assuming you only care about courses with pre-requisites, this should get what you want: 假设您只关心具有先决条件的课程,那么这应该会得到您想要的:

select cp.course_id
from course_prerequisites cp
group by cp.course_id
having count(*) = sum( prerequisite_course_id in ( <list of taken courses goes here> ) );

The sum() is counting the number of courses that match the pre-requisites for a given course. sum()正在计算与给定课程的前提条件匹配的课程数量。 The count() . count() The = count(*) is requiring that this match the courses the student has taken. = count(*)要求与学生所修课程匹配。

Then, there are the courses without pre-requisites. 然后,有些课程没有先决条件。 So: 所以:

(select cp.course_id
 from course_prerequisites cp
 group by cp.course_id
 having count(*) = sum( prerequisite_course_id in ( <list of taken courses goes here> ) )
) union all
(select c.course_id
 from courses c
 where not exists (select 1
                   from course_prerequisites cp
                   where cp.course_id = c.course_id
                  )
);

You can actually do this without the union all . 实际上,您可以在没有union all情况下执行此操作。 . .: 。:

select c.course_id
from courses c left join
     course_prerequisites cp
     on c.course_id = cp.course_id
group by c.course_id
having count(cp.course_id) = sum( cp.prerequisite_course_id in ( <list of taken courses goes here> ) );

The logic here is the same as in the first query, except that courses with no pre-requisites are included and count(cp.course_id) can be 0 . 此处的逻辑与第一个查询中的逻辑相同,除了其中包括没有先决条件的课程,并且count(cp.course_id)可以为0

In MySQL you can use FIND_IN_SET to get the results you want using this query, which compares the number of courses completed with the number of pre-requisites of each course. 在MySQL中,您可以使用FIND_IN_SET通过此查询获取所需的结果,该查询将完成的课程数量与每个课程的先决条件数量进行比较。 The results includes courses which have no pre-requisites (where the student has not already completed that course). 结果包括没有先决条件的课程(如果学生尚未完成该课程)。

SET @courses_completed = '2';
SELECT c.course_id
FROM course c
LEFT JOIN course_prerequisites p ON p.course_id = c.course_id
WHERE NOT FIND_IN_SET(c.course_id, @courses_completed)
GROUP BY c.course_id
HAVING SUM(COALESCE(FIND_IN_SET(p.prerequisite_course_id, @courses_completed), 0) > 0) = COUNT(p.prerequisite_course_id);

Output: 输出:

course_id
1
3

I've made a demo on SQLFiddle with various values of @courses_completed to show possible variants of courses the student is eligible for. 我做了一个关于SQLFiddle演示用的各种值@courses_completed展示课程的学生可享有可能的变体。

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