bash 中的正则表达式量词 --simple 与扩展匹配 {n} 次

Question

I'm using the bash shell and trying to list files in a directory whose names match regex patterns. Some of these patterns work, while others don't. For example, the * wildcard is fine:

$ls FILE_*
FILE_123.txt    FILE_2345.txt   FILE_789.txt

And the range pattern captures the first two of these with the following:

$ls FILE_[1-3]*.txt
FILE_123.txt    FILE_2345.txt

but not the filename with the "7" character after "FILE_", as expected. Great. But now I want to count digits:

$ls FILE_[0-9]{3}.txt 
ls: FILE_[0-9]{3}.txt: No such file or directory

Shouldn't this give me the filenames with three numeric digits following "FILE_" (ie FILE_123.txt and FILE_789.txt , but not FILE_2345.txt ) Can someone tell me how I should be using the {n} quantifier (ie "match this pattern n times)?

Answer 1

ls uses with glob pattern , you can not use {3} . You have to use FILE_[0-9][0-9][0-9].txt . Or, you could the following command.

ls | grep -E "FILE_[0-9]{3}.txt"

Edit:

Or, you also use find command.

find . -regextype egrep -regex '.*/FILE_[0-9]{3}\.txt'

The .*/ prefix is needed to match a complete path. On Mac OS X :

find -E . -regex ".*/FILE_[0-9]{3}\.txt"

Answer 2

Bash filename expansion does not use regular expressions. It uses glob pattern matching , which is distinctly different, and what you're trying with FILE_[0-9]{3}.txt does brace expansion followed by filename expansion. Even bash 's extended globbing feature doesn't have an equivalent to regular expression's {N} , so as already mentioned you have to use FILE_[0-9][0-9][0-9].txt