gunicorn导致heroku中的错误

Question

我只是第一次将应用程序推送到heroku，但是在访问该页面时始终收到“应用程序错误”。我对heroku并不熟悉，在帮助/开发中心链接中似乎找不到任何参考。

去Heroku日志我得到这个：

C:\Users\XXX\Desktop\xxxxx.folder>heroku logs
2013-10-14T02:32:18.578976+00:00 heroku[api]: Enable Logplex by EMAIL@email.com
2013-10-14T02:32:18.597277+00:00 heroku[api]: Release v2 created by EMAIL@email.com
2013-10-14T02:32:46+00:00 heroku[slug-compiler]: Slug compilation started
2013-10-14T02:33:10.309086+00:00 heroku[api]: Scale to web=1 by EMAIL@email.com
2013-10-14T02:33:10.356490+00:00 heroku[api]: Deploy 9edccd8 by EMAIL@email.com
2013-10-14T02:33:10.375197+00:00 heroku[api]: Release v3 created by EMAIL@email.com
2013-10-14T02:33:10+00:00 heroku[slug-compiler]: Slug compilation finished
2013-10-14T02:33:14.369318+00:00 heroku[web.1]: Starting process with command `gunicorn xxxxx:app`
2013-10-14T02:33:15.336306+00:00 app[web.1]: 2013-10-14 02:33:15 [2] [INFO] Starting gunicorn 18.0
2013-10-14T02:33:15.337257+00:00 app[web.1]: 2013-10-14 02:33:15 [2] [INFO] Listening at: http://0.0.0.0:36245 (2)
2013-10-14T02:33:15.337821+00:00 app[web.1]: 2013-10-14 02:33:15 [2] [INFO] Using worker: sync
2013-10-14T02:33:15.354973+00:00 app[web.1]: 2013-10-14 02:33:15 [7] [INFO] Booting worker with pid: 7
2013-10-14T02:33:15.360482+00:00 app[web.1]:   File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python2.7/site-packages/gunicorn/workers/base.py", line 106, in init_process
2013-10-14T02:33:15.360482+00:00 app[web.1]:     self.callable = self.load()
2013-10-14T02:33:15.360482+00:00 app[web.1]: Traceback (most recent call last):
2013-10-14T02:33:15.360482+00:00 app[web.1]: 2013-10-14 02:33:15 [7] [ERROR] Exception in worker process:
2013-10-14T02:33:15.360482+00:00 app[web.1]:   File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python2.7/site-packages/gunicorn/arbiter.py", line 495, in spawn_worker
2013-10-14T02:33:15.360482+00:00 app[web.1]:     worker.init_process()
2013-10-14T02:33:15.360482+00:00 app[web.1]:     self.wsgi = self.app.wsgi()
2013-10-14T02:33:15.360482+00:00 app[web.1]:     return self.load_wsgiapp()
2013-10-14T02:33:15.360482+00:00 app[web.1]:   File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python2.7/site-packages/gunicorn/app/wsgiapp.py", line 62, in load
2013-10-14T02:33:15.360482+00:00 app[web.1]:   File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python2.7/site-packages/gunicorn/app/base.py", line 114, in wsgi
2013-10-14T02:33:15.360658+00:00 app[web.1]:   File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python2.7/site-packages/gunicorn/app/wsgiapp.py", line 49, in load_wsgiapp
2013-10-14T02:33:15.360658+00:00 app[web.1]:     return util.import_app(self.app_uri)
2013-10-14T02:33:15.360658+00:00 app[web.1]:   File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python2.7/site-packages/gunicorn/util.py", line 354, in import_app
2013-10-14T02:33:15.360658+00:00 app[web.1]: ImportError: No module named xxxxx

2013-10-14T02:33:15.360658+00:00 app[web.1]:     __import__(module)
2013-10-14T02:33:15.360658+00:00 app[web.1]: Traceback (most recent call last):
2013-10-14T02:33:15.360658+00:00 app[web.1]:   File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python2.7/site-packages/gunicorn/arbiter.py", line 495, in spawn_worker
2013-10-14T02:33:15.360658+00:00 app[web.1]:     worker.init_process()
2013-10-14T02:33:15.360658+00:00 app[web.1]:   File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python2.7/site-packages/gunicorn/workers/base.py", line 106, in init_process
2013-10-14T02:33:15.360658+00:00 app[web.1]:     self.wsgi = self.app.wsgi()
2013-10-14T02:33:15.360814+00:00 app[web.1]:   File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python2.7/site-packages/gunicorn/app/base.py", line 114, in wsgi
2013-10-14T02:33:15.360814+00:00 app[web.1]:     self.callable = self.load()
2013-10-14T02:33:15.360814+00:00 app[web.1]:     return util.import_app(self.app_uri)
2013-10-14T02:33:15.360814+00:00 app[web.1]:   File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python2.7/site-packages/gunicorn/app/wsgiapp.py", line 62, in load
2013-10-14T02:33:15.360814+00:00 app[web.1]:     return self.load_wsgiapp()
2013-10-14T02:33:15.360814+00:00 app[web.1]:   File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python2.7/site-packages/gunicorn/app/wsgiapp.py", line 49, in load_wsgiapp
2013-10-14T02:33:15.360814+00:00 app[web.1]:   File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python2.7/site-packages/gunicorn/util.py", line 354, in import_app
2013-10-14T02:33:15.360814+00:00 app[web.1]:     __import__(module)
2013-10-14T02:33:15.360814+00:00 app[web.1]: ImportError: No module named xxxxx

2013-10-14T02:33:15.360814+00:00 app[web.1]: 2013-10-14 02:33:15 [7] [INFO] Worker exiting (pid: 7)
2013-10-14T02:33:15.506842+00:00 app[web.1]: 2013-10-14 02:33:15 [2] [INFO] Shutting down: Master
2013-10-14T02:33:15.506842+00:00 app[web.1]: 2013-10-14 02:33:15 [2] [INFO] Reason: Worker failed to boot.
2013-10-14T02:33:16.807631+00:00 heroku[web.1]: Process exited with status 3
2013-10-14T02:33:16.808898+00:00 heroku[web.1]: State changed from starting to crashed
2013-10-14T02:33:16.810378+00:00 heroku[web.1]: State changed from crashed to starting
2013-10-14T02:33:20.292603+00:00 heroku[web.1]: Starting process with command `gunicorn xxxxx:app`
2013-10-14T02:33:21.415595+00:00 app[web.1]: 2013-10-14 02:33:21 [2] [INFO] Starting gunicorn 18.0
2013-10-14T02:33:21.424049+00:00 app[web.1]: 2013-10-14 02:33:21 [2] [INFO] Listening at: http://0.0.0.0:21832 (2)
2013-10-14T02:33:21.424357+00:00 app[web.1]: 2013-10-14 02:33:21 [2] [INFO] Using worker: sync
2013-10-14T02:33:21.451415+00:00 app[web.1]:   File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python2.7/site-packages/gunicorn/arbiter.py", line 495, in spawn_worker
2013-10-14T02:33:21.451415+00:00 app[web.1]:   File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python2.7/site-packages/gunicorn/app/base.py", line 114, in wsgi
2013-10-14T02:33:21.446578+00:00 app[web.1]: 2013-10-14 02:33:21 [7] [INFO] Booting worker with pid: 7
2013-10-14T02:33:21.451415+00:00 app[web.1]: 2013-10-14 02:33:21 [7] [ERROR] Exception in worker process:
2013-10-14T02:33:21.451415+00:00 app[web.1]: Traceback (most recent call last):
2013-10-14T02:33:21.451415+00:00 app[web.1]:   File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python2.7/site-packages/gunicorn/workers/base.py", line 106, in init_process
2013-10-14T02:33:21.451415+00:00 app[web.1]:     return self.load_wsgiapp()
2013-10-14T02:33:21.451582+00:00 app[web.1]:   File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python2.7/site-packages/gunicorn/app/wsgiapp.py", line 49, in load_wsgiapp
2013-10-14T02:33:21.451582+00:00 app[web.1]:   File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python2.7/site-packages/gunicorn/util.py", line 354, in import_app
2013-10-14T02:33:21.451415+00:00 app[web.1]:     self.callable = self.load()
2013-10-14T02:33:21.451415+00:00 app[web.1]:   File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python2.7/site-packages/gunicorn/app/wsgiapp.py", line 62, in load
2013-10-14T02:33:21.451582+00:00 app[web.1]:   File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python2.7/site-packages/gunicorn/arbiter.py", line 495, in spawn_worker
2013-10-14T02:33:21.451582+00:00 app[web.1]:     worker.init_process()
2013-10-14T02:33:21.451582+00:00 app[web.1]:     return util.import_app(self.app_uri)
2013-10-14T02:33:21.451582+00:00 app[web.1]:     __import__(module)
2013-10-14T02:33:21.451415+00:00 app[web.1]:     worker.init_process()
2013-10-14T02:33:21.451765+00:00 app[web.1]:   File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python2.7/site-packages/gunicorn/app/base.py", line 114, in wsgi
2013-10-14T02:33:21.451765+00:00 app[web.1]:     return util.import_app(self.app_uri)
2013-10-14T02:33:21.451765+00:00 app[web.1]: 2013-10-14 02:33:21 [7] [INFO] Work
er exiting (pid: 7)
2013-10-14T02:33:21.451582+00:00 app[web.1]:   File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python2.7/site-packages/gunicorn/workers/base.py", line 106, in init_process
2013-10-14T02:33:21.451582+00:00 app[web.1]: Traceback (most recent call last):
2013-10-14T02:33:21.451765+00:00 app[web.1]:     self.callable = self.load()
2013-10-14T02:33:21.451765+00:00 app[web.1]:   File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python2.7/site-packages/gunicorn/app/wsgiapp.py", line 62, in load
2013-10-14T02:33:21.451765+00:00 app[web.1]:     return self.load_wsgiapp()
2013-10-14T02:33:21.451415+00:00 app[web.1]:     self.wsgi = self.app.wsgi()
2013-10-14T02:33:21.451765+00:00 app[web.1]:   File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python2.7/site-packages/gunicorn/app/wsgiapp.py", line 49, in load_wsgiapp
2013-10-14T02:33:21.451582+00:00 app[web.1]:     self.wsgi = self.app.wsgi()
2013-10-14T02:33:21.451765+00:00 app[web.1]:   File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python2.7/site-packages/gunicorn/util.py", line 354, in import_app
2013-10-14T02:33:21.451765+00:00 app[web.1]:     __import__(module)
2013-10-14T02:33:21.451582+00:00 app[web.1]: ImportError: No module named xxxxx
2013-10-14T02:33:21.451765+00:00 app[web.1]: ImportError: No module named xxxxx

2013-10-14T02:33:21.614863+00:00 app[web.1]: 2013-10-14 02:33:21 [2] [INFO] Shutting down: Master
2013-10-14T02:33:21.614999+00:00 app[web.1]: 2013-10-14 02:33:21 [2] [INFO] Reason: Worker failed to boot.
2013-10-14T02:33:22.891685+00:00 heroku[web.1]: State changed from starting to crashed
2013-10-14T02:33:22.880946+00:00 heroku[web.1]: Process exited with status 3
2013-10-14T02:33:56.309306+00:00 heroku[api]: Scale to web=1 by EMAIL@email.com
2013-10-14T02:34:38.709036+00:00 heroku[router]: at=error code=H10 desc="App crashed" method=GET path=/ host=xxxxx.herokuapp.com fwd="68.8.230.232" dyno= connect= service= status=503 bytes=
2013-10-14T02:35:26.497306+00:00 heroku[router]: at=error code=H10 desc="App crashed" method=GET path=/ host=xxxxx.herokuapp.com fwd="68.8.230.232" dyno= connect= service= status=503 bytes=
2013-10-14T02:35:29.339881+00:00 heroku[router]: at=error code=H10 desc="App crashed" method=GET path=/ host=xxxxx.herokuapp.com fwd="68.8.230.232" dyno= connect= service= status=503 bytes=
2013-10-14T02:34:35.682537+00:00 heroku[router]: at=error code=H10 desc="App crashed" method=GET path=/ host=xxxxx.herokuapp.com fwd="68.8.230.232" dyno= connect= service= status=503 bytes=
2013-10-14T02:34:36.970547+00:00 heroku[router]: at=error code=H10 desc="App crashed" method=GET path=/ host=xxxxx.herokuapp.com fwd="68.8.230.232" dyno= connect= service= status=503 bytes=
2013-10-14T02:35:27.860267+00:00 heroku[router]: at=error code=H10 desc="App crashed" method=GET path=/ host=xxxxx.herokuapp.com fwd="68.8.230.232" dyno= connect= service= status=503 bytes=
2013-10-14T02:36:45.618318+00:00 heroku[router]: at=error code=H10 desc="App crashed" method=GET path=/ host=xxxxx.herokuapp.com fwd="68.8.230.232" dyno= connect= service= status=503 bytes=
2013-10-14T02:37:13.316055+00:00 heroku[router]: at=error code=H10 desc="App crashed" method=GET path=/ host=xxxxx.herokuapp.com fwd="68.8.230.232" dyno= connect= service= status=503 bytes=
2013-10-14T02:37:16.020891+00:00 heroku[router]: at=error code=H10 desc="App crashed" method=GET path=/ host=xxxxx.herokuapp.com fwd="68.8.230.232" dyno= connect= service= status=503 bytes=
2013-10-14T02:37:54.849200+00:00 heroku[router]: at=error code=H10 desc="App crashed" method=GET path=/ host=xxxxx.herokuapp.com fwd="68.8.230.232" dyno= connect= service= status=503 bytes=
2013-10-14T02:37:14.772425+00:00 heroku[router]: at=error code=H10 desc="App crashed" method=GET path=/ host=xxxxx.herokuapp.com fwd="68.8.230.232" dyno= connect= service= status=503 bytes=

我不确定这些都是什么意思。 但是我假设这与gunicorn连接有关？ 有人可以帮忙指出问题，我该如何解决？

注意：no ImportError：没有名为xxxxx的模块-> xxxxx是我的应用程序的名称。这也是我在procfile中使用的名称（例如xxxxx：app）。 这是问题吗？

编辑：这是一个烧瓶应用程序，所以这是我目前的结构

   -static
      --css
      --img
      --js
   -templates
      --index.html
      --layout.html
   -.gitignore
   -Procfile
   -requirements.txt
   -app.py

我的个人档案：

web: gunicorn app:app

Edit2：这是我的app.py文件

from flask import Flask, render_template

app = Flask(__name__)


@app.route('/')
def main():
    return render_template("index.html")


@app.route('/projects')
def projects():
    ...

...

if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.run()

Answer 1

当您配置Procfile时说：

web: gunicorn xxxxx:app

您正在给出Heroku将运行的命令。 在转向Heroku之前，您应该确保可以在开发计算机上运行此命令。

您传递给gunicorn的“ xxxxx”参数是gunicorn将导入以获得您的应用程序对象的程序包或模块。 如果您在app.py中创建应用程序，则应为“ app”（不应包含.py扩展名）。 您收到的错误是由于gunicorn发出了import xxxxxx ，并且显然由于您没有使用该名称定义程序包或模块而失败。

在冒号的另一边，您必须输入应用程序的名称。 例如，如果您的app.py文件中包含以下代码：

app = Flask(__name__)

那么您的应用程序名称为app 。 对于此设置，Procfile应该显示为：

web: gunicorn app:app

然后，gunicorn将发布一个import app （左侧app ），然后在其中查找名为app的符号（右侧app ）。

我希望这有帮助。