ASP.NET MVC 5-多对一关系的脚手架

Question

我正在使用VS 2013开发ASP.NET MVC 5，EF 6，Razor引擎，VB语言和数据库优先方法。

现在，在我的数据库中； 我有两个表，如下所示：

CREATE TABLE [dbo].[Group]
(
    [Id]    INT          NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY IDENTITY(1, 1), 
    [Name]  VARCHAR(50)  NOT NULL
)

和

CREATE TABLE [dbo].[Subscriber]
(
    [Id]          INT              NOT NULL  PRIMARY KEY IDENTITY(1, 1),
    [FirstName]   [nvarchar](100)  NOT NULL,
    [MiddleName]  [nvarchar](100)  NULL,
    [LastName]    [nvarchar](100)  NOT NULL, 
    [Email]       [varchar] (200)  NOT NULL  UNIQUE, 
    [GroupId]     INT              NULL      REFERENCES [Group] ON DELETE SET NULL
)

现在，当我使用脚手架自动生成控制器和视图时； 我在“创建订阅者”和“编辑订阅者”视图中得到一个<select>控件（所有“ Group项都作为<option>）。

但是实际上，我希望“创建组”和“编辑组”视图询问我要添加到特定组中的Subscribers 。 相同的HTML控件可以是复选框列表，也可以是<select multiple =“ multiple”>列表，其中所有Subscriber项目都作为<option>。

我如何自发/实现呢？

Answer 1

不要过分依赖脚手架。 关键是它为您提供了一个工作基础。 这不是您观点的全部内容。 您可以并且应该根据自己的需要修改脚手架，说实话，通常（从头开始）比尝试撤消脚手架添加的所有不必要的绒毛要容易得多。

也就是说，尤其是当一次选择多个相关项目时，您需要一个视图模型。 尝试使用您的实体来快速耗尽资源。 因此，创建一个像这样的类：

public class GroupViewModel
{
    // `Group` properties you need to edit here

    public List<int> SelectedSubscriberIds { get; set; }

    public IEnumerable<SelectListItem> SubscriberChoices { get; set; }
}

然后，在您的控制器中：

// We'll use this code multiple times so it's factored out into it's own method
private void PopulateSubscriberChoices(GroupViewModel model)
{
    model.SubscriberChoices = db.Subscribers.Select(m => new SelectListItem
    {
        Value = m.Id.ToString(),
        Text = m.FirstName + " " + m.LastName
    });
}

public ActionResult Create()
{
    var model = new GroupViewModel();

    PopulateSubscriberChoices(model);
    return View(model);
}

[HttpPost]
public ActionResult Create(GroupViewModel model)
{
    if (ModelState.IsValid)
    {
        // Map the posted values onto a new `Group` instance. To set `Subscribers`,
        // lookup instances from the database using the list of ids the user chose
        var group = new Group
        {
            Name = model.Name,
            Subscribers = db.Subscribers.Where(m => model.SelectedSubscriberIds.Contains(m.Id))
        };
        db.Groups.Add(group);
        db.SaveChanges()

        return RedirectToAction("Index");
    }

    PopulateSubscriberChoices(model);
    return View(model);
}

public ActionResult Edit(int id)
{
    var group = db.Groups.Find(id);
    if (group == null)
    {
        return new HttpNotFoundResult();
    }

    // Map `Group` properties to your view model
    var model = new GroupViewModel
    {
        Name = group.Name,
        SelectedSubscriberIds = group.Subscribers.Select(m => m.Id).ToList()
    };

    PopulateSubscriberChoices(model);
    return View(model);
}

[HttpPost]
public ActionResult Edit(int id, GroupViewModel model)
{
    var group = db.Groups.Find(id);
    if (group == null)
    {
        return new HttpNotFoundResult();
    }

    if (ModelState.IsValid)
    {
        group.Name = model.Name;

        // Little bit trickier here
        // First remove subscribers that are no longer selected
        group.Subscribers.Where(m => !model.SelectedSubscriberIds.Contains(m.Id))
            .ToList().ForEach(m => group.Subscribers.Remove(m));

        // Now add newly selected subscribers
        var existingSubscriberIds = group.Subscribers.Select(m => m.Id);
        var newSubscriberIds = model.SelectedSubscriberIds.Except(existingSubscriberIds);
        db.Subscribers.Where(m => newSubscriberIds.Contains(m.Id))
            .ToList().ForEach(m => group.Subscribers.Add(m));

        db.Entry(group).State = EntityState.Modified;
        db.SaveChanges()

        return RedirectToAction("Index");
    }

    PopulateSubscriberChoices(model);
    return View(model);
}

编辑发布操作是最困难的。 为了避免出现有关重复键之类的错误，您需要确保不将重复项添加到集合中。 您还需要确保删除该组与用户未选择的任何项目之间的关系。 除此之外，这非常简单。

最后，在您的视图中，您只需要呈现一个选择列表即可：

@model Namespace.To.GroupViewModel

...

@Html.ListBoxFor(m => m.SelectedSubscriberIds, Model.SubscriberChoices)

更新

添加转换后的VB代码。 这可能无法100％开箱即用。 具有VB经验的任何人都可以随时对其进行编辑以更正任何问题。

查看模型

Public Class GroupViewModel
    ' Group properties you need to edit here

    Public Property SelectedSubscriberIds As List(Of Integer)
    Public Property SubscriberChoices As IEnumerable(Of SelectListItem)

End Class

控制器代码

' We'll use this code multiple times so it's factored out into it's own method
Private Sub PopulateSubscriberChoices(model As GroupViewModel)
    model.SubscriberChoices = db.Subscribers.[Select](Function(m) New SelectListItem With { _
        .Value = m.Id, _
        .Text = m.FirstName & " " & m.LastName _
    })
End Sub

Public Function Create() As ActionResult
    Dim model as New GroupViewModel
    PopulateSubscriberChoices(model)
    Return View(model)
End Function

<HttpPost> _
Public Function Create(model As GroupViewModel) As ActionResult
    If ModelState.IsValid Then
        ' Map the posted values onto a new `Group` instance. To set `Subscribers`,
        ' lookup instances from the database using the list of ids the user chose
        Dim group = New Group With { _
            .Name = model.Name, _
            .Subscribers = db.Subscribers.Where(Function(m) model.SelectedSubscriberIds.Contains(m.Id)) _
        }
        db.Groups.Add(group)
        db.SaveChanges()

        Return RedirectToAction("Index")
    End If

    PopulateSubscriberChoices(model)
    Return View(model)
End Function

Public Function Edit(id As Integer) As ActionResult
    Dim group = db.Groups.Find(id)
    If group Is Nothing Then
        Return New HttpNotFoundResult()
    End If

    ' Map `Group` properties to your view model
    Dim model = New GroupViewModel With { _
        .Name = group.Name, _
        .SelectedSubscriberIds = group.Subscribers.[Select](Function(m) m.Id).ToList _
    }

    PopulateSubscriberChoices(model)
    Return View(model)
End Function

<HttpPost> _
Public Function Edit(id As Integer, model As GroupViewModel) As ActionResult
    Dim group = db.Groups.Find(id)
    If group Is Nothing Then
        Return New HttpNotFoundResult()
    End If

    If ModelState.IsValid Then
        group.Name = model.Name

        ' Little bit trickier here
        ' First remove subscribers that are no longer selected
        group.Subscribers.Where(Function(m) Not model.SelectedSubscriberIds.Contains(m.Id)).ToList().ForEach(Function(m) group.Subscribers.Remove(m))

        ' Now add newly selected subscribers
        Dim existingSubscriberIds = group.Subscribers.[Select](Function(m) m.Id)
        Dim newSubscriberIds = model.SelectedSubscriberIds.Except(existingSubscriberIds)
        db.Subscribers.Where(Function(m) newSubscriberIds.Contains(m.Id)).ToList().ForEach(Function(m) group.Subscribers.Add(m))

        db.Entry(group).State = EntityState.Modified
        db.SaveChanges()

        Return RedirectToAction("Index")
    End If

    PopulateSubscriberChoices(model)
    Return View(model)
End Function