在tomcat上部署War文件时出错

Question

尝试在Ubuntu中的Tomcat上运行我的JSF项目，但是当我尝试使用内置管理器部署WAR文件时出现以下错误：

FAIL-无法启动上下文路径/服务器通信上的应用程序FAIL-遇到异常org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException：无法启动组件[StandardEngine [Catalina] .StandardHost [localhost] .StandardContext [/ Server Communication]]

Log: 

Mar 06, 2015 9:22:27 PM org.apache.catalina.loader.WebappClassLoader validateJarFile
INFO: validateJarFile(/var/lib/tomcat7/webapps/Server Communication/WEB-INF/lib/tomcat-el-api-8.0.18.jar) - jar not loaded. See Servlet Spec 3.0, section 10.7.2. Offending class: javax/el/Expression.class
Mar 06, 2015 9:22:27 PM org.apache.catalina.loader.WebappClassLoader validateJarFile
INFO: validateJarFile(/var/lib/tomcat7/webapps/Server Communication/WEB-INF/lib/tomcat-servlet-api-8.0.18.jar) - jar not loaded. See Servlet Spec 3.0, section 10.7.2. Offending class: javax/servlet/Servlet.class
Mar 06, 2015 9:22:27 PM org.apache.catalina.deploy.WebXml setVersion
WARNING: Unknown version string [3.1]. Default version will be used.
Mar 06, 2015 9:22:27 PM org.apache.catalina.deploy.WebXml setVersion
WARNING: Unknown version string [3.1]. Default version will be used.
Mar 06, 2015 9:22:30 PM org.apache.catalina.startup.TaglibUriRule body
INFO: TLD skipped. URI:
        http://java.sun.com/jsf/html
     is already defined
Mar 06, 2015 9:22:30 PM org.apache.catalina.startup.TaglibUriRule body
INFO: TLD skipped. URI: http://java.sun.com/jsf/core is already defined
Mar 06, 2015 9:22:30 PM org.apache.catalina.startup.TaglibUriRule body
INFO: TLD skipped. URI: http://mojarra.dev.java.net/mojarra_ext is already defined
Mar 06, 2015 9:22:30 PM org.apache.tomcat.util.descriptor.DigesterFactory locationFor
WARNING: The XML schema [web-app_3_1.xsd] could not be found. This is very likely to break XML validation if XML validation is enabled.
Mar 06, 2015 9:22:30 PM org.apache.tomcat.util.descriptor.DigesterFactory locationFor
WARNING: The XML schema [web-fragment_3_1.xsd] could not be found. This is very likely to break XML validation if XML validation is enabled.
Mar 06, 2015 9:22:30 PM org.apache.tomcat.util.descriptor.DigesterFactory locationFor
WARNING: The XML schema [web-common_3_1.xsd] could not be found. This is very likely to break XML validation if XML validation is enabled.
Mar 06, 2015 9:22:30 PM org.apache.tomcat.util.descriptor.DigesterFactory locationFor
WARNING: The XML schema [javaee_7.xsd] could not be found. This is very likely to break XML validation if XML validation is enabled.
Mar 06, 2015 9:22:30 PM org.apache.tomcat.util.descriptor.DigesterFactory locationFor
WARNING: The XML schema [jsp_2_3.xsd] could not be found. This is very likely to break XML validation if XML validation is enabled.
Mar 06, 2015 9:22:30 PM org.apache.tomcat.util.descriptor.DigesterFactory locationFor
WARNING: The XML schema [javaee_web_services_1_4.xsd] could not be found. This is very likely to break XML validation if XML validation is enabled.
Mar 06, 2015 9:22:30 PM org.apache.tomcat.util.descriptor.DigesterFactory locationFor
WARNING: The XML schema [javaee_web_services_client_1_4.xsd] could not be found. This is very likely to break XML validation if XML validation is enabled.

Answer 1

尝试通过Eclipse Luna在Tomcat上部署项目时，出现了相同的错误集。 幸运的是，我正在使用Maven并可以以tomcat:run为目标创建新的运行配置。 然后在Tomcat上运行应用程序就可以了。 另外，如果您使用的是Maven，请运行以下命令：

> mvn clean install tomcat:run

有关示例，请参见此视频 。