如何从UNIX连接到Oracle数据库

Question

我试图从我的UNIX计算机连接到oracle数据库。 我是脚本编写新手。 我知道如何浏览unix并编写基本脚本（read / display）并使用bash命令执行它们。 我也知道如何在Unix中查看变量（用户和系统）。 你能告诉我我需要做些什么来连接到Oracle数据库吗？ 我如何使用sqlplus命令？ 在此之前我需要设置任何变量吗？

Answer 1

设置ORACLE_HOME和ORACLE_SID环境变量。 然后使用sqlplus username @ ORACLE_SID

Answer 2

你能告诉我我需要做些什么来连接到Oracle数据库吗？ 我如何使用sqlplus命令？

好吧，当然可以，您需要使用SQL * Plus。 但是，在此之前，您需要确保以下几点：

1. 导出ORACLE_HOME变量

例如，

export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0

2. 导出PATH变量

例如，

export PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin

3. 出口SID

例如，

export ORACLE_SID="your database service name"

4. 确保正确配置了tnsnames.ora
5. 确保已启动并正在运行listener器，并且正在侦听正确的端口。

您应该能够通过以下方式连接到数据库：

sqlplus username/password@sid

Answer 3

确保已在unix用户路径环境中导出了所有必需的Oracle变量，如下所示：

ORACLE_BASE=/home/oracle/app; export ORACLE_BASE
ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/; export ORACLE_HOME
ORACLE_SID=orcl; export ORACLE_SID
PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$HOME/bin:$PATH; export PATH

并确保正确配置了tnsnames.ora文件，并且侦听器应按如下所示启动并运行。

[oracle@OLE1 admin]$ cat tnsnames.ora 
# tnsnames.ora Network Configuration File: /home/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/tnsnames.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.

ORCL =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = ole1)(PORT = 1521))
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVER = DEDICATED)
      (SERVICE_NAME = orcl)
    )
  )

[oracle@OLE1 ~]$ tnsping orcl
TNS Ping Utility for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 12-JUL-2017 23:12:35
Copyright (c) 1997, 2009, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Used parameter files:
/home/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/sqlnet.ora

Used TNSNAMES adapter to resolve the alias
Attempting to contact (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = ole1)(PORT = 1521)) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVER = DEDICATED) (SERVICE_NAME = orcl)))
OK (20 msec)
[oracle@OLE1 ~]$ 

[oracle@OLE1 ~]$ cat /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1   localhost
::1         localhost
192.168.244.128 ole1
[oracle@OLE1 ~]$ 

现在，您可以通过多种方法从UNIX命令提示符连接数据库。

[oracle @ OLE1〜] $ sqlplus scott / tiger

[oracle @ OLE1〜] $ sqlplus scott / tiger @ orcl

[oracle @ OLE1〜] $ sqlplus scott/tiger@192.168.244.128：1521 / orcl

[oracle @ OLE1〜] $ sqlplus scott / tiger @ // 192.168.244.128:1521/orcl

[oracle @ OLE1〜] $ sqlplus“ scott / tiger @（DESCRIPTION =（地址=（PROTOCOL = TCP）（HOST = ole1）（PORT = 1521））（CONNECT_DATA =（SERVER = DEDICATED）（SERVICE_NAME = orcl））） “

[oracle@OLE1 ~]$ sqlplus scott/tiger
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Wed Jul 12 23:29:30 2017
Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
Connected to:

Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
SQL> exit
Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

[oracle@OLE1 ~]$ sqlplus scott/tiger@orcl
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Wed Jul 12 23:30:00 2017
Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
Connected
[oracle@OLE1 ~]$ 

[oracle@OLE1 ~]$ sqlplus scott/tiger@192.168.244.128:1521/orcl
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Wed Jul 12 23:30:00 2017
Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
Connected
[oracle@OLE1 ~]$ 


[oracle@OLE1 ~]$ sqlplus scott/tiger@//192.168.244.128:1521/orcl
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Wed Jul 12 23:30:00 2017
Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
Connected
[oracle@OLE1 ~]$ 
[oracle@OLE1 ~]$ sqlplus "scott/tiger@(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=ole1)(PORT=1521))(CONNECT_DATA=(SERVER=DEDICATED)(SERVICE_NAME=orcl)))"

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Thu Jul 13 12:30:23 2017

Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle.  All rights reserved.


Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

SQL> 
SQL> show user
USER is "SCOTT"
SQL> exit
Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
[oracle@OLE1 ~]$