解码 Base64 字符串并将其编码为位图时出现 OutOfMemoryError

Question

我正在尝试decode和encode Bitmap图像。 在某些设备上它可以完美运行，而在其他设备上则不然。 我正在将Base64 String上传到服务器并从服务器获取Base64 String 。 我找到了各种解决方案，但仍然无法解决我的问题。 这是我的代码：

编码：

button1.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {    
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                // TODO Auto-generated method stub
                Intent i = new Intent(
                        Intent.ACTION_PICK,
                        android.provider.MediaStore.Images.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI);

                getActivity().startActivityForResult(i, RESULT_LOAD_IMAGE);
            }
});



//Image loading from Gallery
@Override
public void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data) {
        super.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, data);

        if (requestCode == RESULT_LOAD_IMAGE && resultCode == RESULT_OK
                && null != data) {
            Uri selectedImage = data.getData();
            String[] filePathColumn = { MediaStore.Images.Media.DATA };

            Cursor cursor = getContentResolver().query(selectedImage,
                    filePathColumn, null, null, null);
            cursor.moveToFirst();

            int columnIndex = cursor.getColumnIndex(filePathColumn[0]);
            picturePath = cursor.getString(columnIndex);
            cursor.close();

            imageView1.setImageBitmap(BitmapFactory.decodeFile(picturePath));

            if (picturePath != null && !TextUtils.isEmpty(picturePath)) {
                BitmapFactory.Options options = new BitmapFactory.Options();
                options.inPreferredConfig = Bitmap.Config.ARGB_8888;
                Bitmap bitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeFile(picturePath, options);
                base64ImageSend = ImageBase64.encodeTobase64(bitmap);
                Log.i("Base 64 Image", base64ImageSend);
            } else {
                base64ImageSend = "";
            }

        }
}

解码：

private String base64StringReceive = "/9j/4AAQSkZJRgABAQAAAQABAAD/2wBDAAEBAQEBAQEBAQEBAQEBAQEBAQEBAQEBAQEBAQEBAQEB AQEBAQEBAQEBAQEBAQEBAQEBAQEBAQEBAQEBAQEBAQH/2wBDAQEBAQEBAQEBAQEBAQEBAQEBAQEB AQEBAQEBAQEBAQEBAQEBAQEBAQEBAQEBAQEBAQEBAQEBAQEBAQEBAQEBAQH/wAARCADhAOEDASIA AhEBAxEB/8QAHwAAAQUBAQEBAQEAAAAAAAAAAAECAwQFBgcICQoL/8QAtRAAAgEDAwIEAwUFBAQA AAF9AQIDAAQRBRIhMUEGE1FhByJxFDKBkaEII0KxwRVS0fAkM2JyggkKFhcYGRolJicoKSo0NTY3 ODk6Q0RFRkdISUpTVFVWV1hZWmNkZWZnaGlqc3R1dnd4eXqDhIWGh4iJipKTlJWWl5iZmqKjpKWm p6ipqrKztLW2t7i5usLDxMXGx8jJytLT1NXW19jZ2uHi4+Tl5ufo6erx8vP09fb3+Pn6/8QAHwEA AwEBAQEBAQEBAQAAAAAAAAECAwQFBgcICQoL/8QAtREAAgECBAQDBAcFBAQAAQJ3AAECAxEEBSEx BhJBUQdhcRMiMoEIFEKRobHBCSMzUvAVYnLRChYkNOEl8RcYGRomJygpKjU2Nzg5OkNERUZHSElK U1RVVldYWVpjZGVmZ2hpanN0dXZ3eHl6goOEhYaHiImKkpOUlZaXmJmaoqOkpaanqKmqsrO0tba3 uLm6wsPExcbHyMnK0tPU1dbX2Nna4uPk5ebn6Onq8vP09fb3+Pn6/9oADAMBAAIRAxEAPwD+/iii igAooooAKKKKACiiigAooriPH/xB8GfC7wd4i+IPj3XbHw54T8J6e+p+INe1BilnYaerFWkdgc8n 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button2.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {

            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                // TODO Auto-generated method stub

                Bitmap bitmap = ImageBase64.decodeBase64(base64StringReceive,MainActivity.this);
                imageView2.setImageBitmap(bitmap);
            }
        });

ImageBase64.java：

import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;

import android.graphics.Bitmap;
import android.graphics.BitmapFactory;
import android.util.Base64;
import android.util.Log;

public static String encodeTobase64(Bitmap image) {

     ByteArrayOutputStream baos=new  ByteArrayOutputStream();
     image.compress(Bitmap.CompressFormat.JPEG,100, baos);
        byte [] b=baos.toByteArray();
        String temp=null;
        try{
        System.gc();
        temp=Base64.encodeToString(b, Base64.DEFAULT);
        }catch(Exception e){
            e.printStackTrace();
        }catch(OutOfMemoryError e){
            baos=new  ByteArrayOutputStream();
            image.compress(Bitmap.CompressFormat.JPEG,50, baos);
            b=baos.toByteArray();
            temp=Base64.encodeToString(b, Base64.DEFAULT);
            Log.e("EWN", "Out of memory error catched");
        }
        return temp;
}


public static Bitmap decodeBase64(String input,Context context) {
    byte[] decodedByte = Base64.decode(input, 0);


    Boolean isSDPresent = android.os.Environment
            .getExternalStorageState().equals(
                    android.os.Environment.MEDIA_MOUNTED);

    File sdCardDirectory;
    if (isSDPresent) {
        // yes SD-card is present
         sdCardDirectory = new File(
                    Environment
                            .getExternalStoragePublicDirectory(Environment.DIRECTORY_PICTURES),
                    "myFile");

            if (!sdCardDirectory.exists()) {
                if (!sdCardDirectory.mkdirs()) {
                    Log.d("MySnaps", "failed to create directory");

                }
            }
    } else {
        // Sorry
        sdCardDirectory = new File(context.getCacheDir(),"");
    }



    String timeStamp = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyyMMdd_HHmmss")
            .format(new Date());

    Random rand = new Random();

    // nextInt is normally exclusive of the top value,
    // so add 1 to make it inclusive
    int randomNum = rand.nextInt((1000 - 0) + 1) + 0;

    String nw = "IMG_" + timeStamp + randomNum+".jpg";// also tried .txt as file extension
    File image = new File(sdCardDirectory, nw);



    // Encode the file as a PNG image.
    FileOutputStream outStream;
    try {


        outStream = new FileOutputStream(image);
        outStream.write(input.getBytes());

        outStream.flush();
        outStream.close();
    } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    } catch (IOException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    }


    Log.i("Compress bitmap path", image.getPath());

    return decodeFile(image); // BitmapFactory.decodeByteArray(decodedByte, 0, decodedByte.length);
}

private static Bitmap decodeFile(File f){
    try {
        //Decode image size
        BitmapFactory.Options o = new BitmapFactory.Options();
        o.inJustDecodeBounds = true;
        BitmapFactory.decodeStream(new FileInputStream(f),null,o);

        //The new size we want to scale to
        final int REQUIRED_SIZE=70;

        //Find the correct scale value. It should be the power of 2.
        int scale=1;
        while(o.outWidth/scale>=REQUIRED_SIZE && o.outHeight/scale>=REQUIRED_SIZE)
            scale*=2;

        //Decode with inSampleSize
        BitmapFactory.Options o2 = new BitmapFactory.Options();
        o2.inSampleSize=scale;
        return BitmapFactory.decodeStream(new FileInputStream(f), null, o2);
    } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {}
    return null;
}

错误堆栈：

java.lang.OutOfMemoryError
at android.graphics.BitmapFactory.nativeDecodeByteArray(Native Method)
at android.graphics.BitmapFactory.decodeByteArray(BitmapFactory.java:510)
at android.graphics.BitmapFactory.decodeByteArray(BitmapFactory.java:533)
at com.utility.ImageBase64.decodeBase64(ImageBase64.java:32)
at com.activity.HomeFragment.onCreateView(HomeFragment.java:138)
at android.app.Fragment.performCreateView(Fragment.java:1700)
at android.app.FragmentManagerImpl.moveToState(FragmentManager.java:890)
at android.app.FragmentManagerImpl.moveToState(FragmentManager.java:1062)
at android.app.BackStackRecord.popFromBackStack(BackStackRecord.java:773)
at android.app.FragmentManagerImpl.popBackStackState(FragmentManager.java:1498)
at android.app.FragmentManagerImpl.popBackStackImmediate(FragmentManager.java:495)
at android.app.Activity.onBackPressed(Activity.java:2232)
at com.activity.MainActivity.onBackPressed(MainActivity.java:534)
at android.app.Activity.onKeyUp(Activity.java:2210)
at android.view.KeyEvent.dispatch(KeyEvent.java:2664)
at android.app.Activity.dispatchKeyEvent(Activity.java:2440)
at com.android.internal.policy.impl.PhoneWindow$DecorView.dispatchKeyEvent(PhoneWindow.java:1962)
at android.view.ViewRootImpl$ViewPostImeInputStage.processKeyEvent(ViewRootImpl.java:3884)
at android.view.ViewRootImpl$ViewPostImeInputStage.onProcess(ViewRootImpl.java:3858)
at android.view.ViewRootImpl$InputStage.deliver(ViewRootImpl.java:3426)
at android.view.ViewRootImpl$InputStage.onDeliverToNext(ViewRootImpl.java:3476)
at android.view.ViewRootImpl$InputStage.forward(ViewRootImpl.java:3445)
at android.view.ViewRootImpl$AsyncInputStage.forward(ViewRootImpl.java:3552)
at android.view.ViewRootImpl$InputStage.apply(ViewRootImpl.java:3453)
at android.view.ViewRootImpl$AsyncInputStage.apply(ViewRootImpl.java:3609)
at android.view.ViewRootImpl$InputStage.deliver(ViewRootImpl.java:3426)
at android.view.ViewRootImpl$InputStage.onDeliverToNext(ViewRootImpl.java:3476)
at android.view.ViewRootImpl$InputStage.forward(ViewRootImpl.java:3445)
at android.view.ViewRootImpl$InputStage.apply(ViewRootImpl.java:3453)
at android.view.ViewRootImpl$InputStage.deliver(ViewRootImpl.java:3426)
at android.view.ViewRootImpl$InputStage.onDeliverToNext(ViewRootImpl.java:3476)
at android.view.ViewRootImpl$InputStage.forward(ViewRootImpl.java:3445)
at android.view.ViewRootImpl$AsyncInputStage.forward(ViewRootImpl.java:3585)
at android.view.ViewRootImpl$ImeInputStage.onFinishedInputEvent(ViewRootImpl.java:3750)
at android.view.inputmethod.InputMethodManager$PendingEvent.run(InputMethodManager.java:2027)
at android.view.inputmethod.InputMethodManager.invokeFinishedInputEventCallback(InputMethodManager.java:1721)
at android.view.inputmethod.InputMethodManager.finishedInputEvent(InputMethodManager.java:1712)
at android.view.inputmethod.InputMethodManager$ImeInputEventSender.onInputEventFinished(InputMethodManager.java:2004)
at android.view.InputEventSender.dispatchInputEventFinished(InputEventSender.java:141)
at android.os.MessageQueue.nativePollOnce(Native Method)
at android.os.MessageQueue.next(MessageQueue.java:138)
at android.os.Looper.loop(Looper.java:123)
at android.app.ActivityThread.main(ActivityThread.java:5050)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invokeNative(Native Method)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:515)
at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit$MethodAndArgsCaller.run(ZygoteInit.java:806)
at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.main(ZygoteInit.java:622)
at dalvik.system.NativeStart.main(Native Method)

我也在某些设备中收到此错误：

java.lang.OutOfMemoryError: Failed to allocate a 38340876 byte allocation with 994361 free bytes and 971KB until OOM
at dalvik.system.VMRuntime.newNonMovableArray(Native Method)
at android.graphics.BitmapFactory.nativeDecodeByteArray(Native Method)
at android.graphics.BitmapFactory.decodeByteArray(BitmapFactory.java:655)
at android.graphics.BitmapFactory.decodeByteArray(BitmapFactory.java:678)
at com.myapp.utility.ImageBase64.decodeBase64(ImageBase64.java:53)
at com.myapp.activity.DetailProfileFragment.onCreateView(DetailProfileFragment.java:103)
at android.app.Fragment.performCreateView(Fragment.java:2114)
at android.app.FragmentManagerImpl.moveToState(FragmentManager.java:904)
at android.app.FragmentManagerImpl.moveToState(FragmentManager.java:1082)
at android.app.BackStackRecord.run(BackStackRecord.java:833)
at android.app.FragmentManagerImpl.execPendingActions(FragmentManager.java:1467)
at android.app.FragmentManagerImpl$1.run(FragmentManager.java:452)
at android.os.Handler.handleCallback(Handler.java:739)
at android.os.Handler.dispatchMessage(Handler.java:95)
at android.os.Looper.loop(Looper.java:145)
at android.app.ActivityThread.main(ActivityThread.java:5944)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Native Method)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:372)
at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit$MethodAndArgsCaller.run(ZygoteInit.java:1389)
at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.main(ZygoteInit.java:1184)

我已经尝试过的解决方案是：

• 将图像加载到位图对象时出现奇怪的内存不足问题

• 如何将图像转换为 Base64 字符串？

• 内存不足错误 ImageView 问题

• Android 内存不足错误

• 在Android应用程序中使用Base64进行图像编码和解码

Answer 1

当在ImageView从文件中显示Bitmap ，首先在BitmapHelper.decodeFile(picturePath, 200, 200, true)的帮助下BitmapHelper.decodeFile(picturePath, 200, 200, true)这将返回压缩的Bitmap以便在对此 Bitmap 进行编码时，您可以处理高分辨率图像以及大尺寸图像最多 100 MB 的文件。

解码文件后将其设置为您的ImageView并使用BitmapHelper类在压缩图像上方获取Base64 String 形式； 从您的ImageView获取Bitmap （即已经被压缩）并使用ImageBase64.encodeTobase64(bitmap)这将再次压缩文件并在Encoding Bitmap处理OutOfMemory异常。

对于decoding首先将Base64String写入设备内存中的文件。 然后以块的形式读取Bytes并通过此解码该ByteArray ，您将在您的内存中拥有您的位图。 在使用decodeFile()方法缩小此位图之后，您将从Base64String压缩Bitmap

我搜索了各种博客和帖子，从中我选取了最合适的代码并将它们合二为一以提高可靠性。 试试下面的代码，通过内存管理使encoding和decoding更快。

解码Base64String

Bitmap bitmap = ImageBase64.decodeBase64(base64ImageStr,MainActivity.this);
imageView.setImageBitmap(bitmap);
bitmap = null;
System.gc();

编码Bitmap试试这个：

imageView.setImageBitmap(BitmapHelper.decodeFile(picturePath, 200, 200, true));

Bitmap bitmap = ((BitmapDrawable)imageView.getDrawable()).getBitmap();              
base64ImageStr = ImageBase64.encodeTobase64(bitmap);

试试这个ImageBase64代码

public class ImageBase64 {

    private ImageBase64() {
        super();
    }
    private static Context appContext;

    public static String encodeTobase64(Bitmap image) {

         ByteArrayOutputStream baos=new  ByteArrayOutputStream();
         image.compress(Bitmap.CompressFormat.JPEG,100, baos);
            byte [] b=baos.toByteArray();
            String temp=null;
            try{
            System.gc();
            temp=Base64.encodeToString(b, Base64.DEFAULT);
            }catch(Exception e){
                e.printStackTrace();
            }catch(OutOfMemoryError e){
                baos=new  ByteArrayOutputStream();
                image.compress(Bitmap.CompressFormat.JPEG,50, baos);
                b=baos.toByteArray();
                temp=Base64.encodeToString(b, Base64.DEFAULT);
                Log.e("EWN", "Out of memory error catched");
            }
            return temp;
    }


    public static Bitmap decodeBase64(String input,Context context) {
        byte[] decodedByte = Base64.decode(input, 0);

        appContext = context;
        Boolean isSDPresent = android.os.Environment
                .getExternalStorageState().equals(
                        android.os.Environment.MEDIA_MOUNTED);

        File sdCardDirectory;
        if (isSDPresent) {
            // yes SD-card is present
             sdCardDirectory = new File(
                        Environment
                                .getExternalStoragePublicDirectory(Environment.DIRECTORY_PICTURES),
                        "IMG");

                if (!sdCardDirectory.exists()) {
                    if (!sdCardDirectory.mkdirs()) {
                        Log.d("MySnaps", "failed to create directory");

                    }
                }
        } else {
            // Sorry
            sdCardDirectory = new File(context.getCacheDir(),"");
        }



        String timeStamp = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyyMMdd_HHmmss")
                .format(new Date());

        Random rand = new Random();

        // nextInt is normally exclusive of the top value,
        // so add 1 to make it inclusive
        int randomNum = rand.nextInt((1000 - 0) + 1) + 0;

        String nw = "IMG_" + timeStamp + randomNum+".txt";
        File image = new File(sdCardDirectory, nw);



        // Encode the file as a PNG image.
        FileOutputStream outStream;
        try {


            outStream = new FileOutputStream(image);
            outStream.write(input.getBytes());

            outStream.flush();
            outStream.close();
        } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }


        Log.i("Compress bitmap path", image.getPath());
        Bitmap bitmap;
        try{
        bitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeByteArray(decodedByte, 0, decodedByte.length);
        }catch(OutOfMemoryError e){
            e.printStackTrace();
            InputStream is = context.getResources().openRawResource(R.drawable.default_profile_pic);
            bitmap  = BitmapFactory.decodeStream(is);  

        }catch (Exception e) {
            // TODO: handle exception
            e.printStackTrace();
            bitmap=null;
        }

        return bitmap;//BitmapFactory.decodeByteArray(decodedByte, 0, decodedByte.length);
        //return decodeFile(image); 
    }

    private static Bitmap decodeFile(File f){
        try {
            //Decode image size
            BitmapFactory.Options o = new BitmapFactory.Options();
            o.inJustDecodeBounds = true;
            BitmapFactory.decodeStream(new FileInputStream(f),null,o);

            //The new size we want to scale to
            final int REQUIRED_SIZE=70;

            //Find the correct scale value. It should be the power of 2.
            int scale=1;
            while(o.outWidth/scale>=REQUIRED_SIZE && o.outHeight/scale>=REQUIRED_SIZE)
                scale*=2;

            //Decode with inSampleSize
            BitmapFactory.Options o2 = new BitmapFactory.Options();
            o2.inSampleSize=scale;

            Bitmap bmp = BitmapFactory.decodeStream(new FileInputStream(f), null, o2);


            Boolean isSDPresent = android.os.Environment
                    .getExternalStorageState().equals(
                            android.os.Environment.MEDIA_MOUNTED);
            File sdCardDirectory;
            if (isSDPresent) {
                // yes SD-card is present
                 sdCardDirectory = new File(
                            Environment
                                    .getExternalStoragePublicDirectory(Environment.DIRECTORY_PICTURES),
                            "IMG");

                    if (!sdCardDirectory.exists()) {
                        if (!sdCardDirectory.mkdirs()) {
                            Log.d("MySnaps", "failed to create directory");

                        }
                    }
            } else {
                // Sorry
                sdCardDirectory = new File(appContext.getCacheDir(),"");
            }



            String timeStamp = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyyMMdd_HHmmss")
                    .format(new Date());

            Random rand = new Random();

            // nextInt is normally exclusive of the top value,
            // so add 1 to make it inclusive
            int randomNum = rand.nextInt((1000 - 0) + 1) + 0;

            String nw = "IMG_" + timeStamp + randomNum+".png";
            File image = new File(sdCardDirectory, nw);



            FileOutputStream out = null;
            try {
                out = new FileOutputStream(image);
                bmp.compress(Bitmap.CompressFormat.PNG, 100, out); // bmp is your Bitmap instance
                // PNG is a lossless format, the compression factor (100) is ignored
            } catch (Exception e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            } finally {
                try {
                    if (out != null) {
                        out.close();
                    }
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }

            String pathNew =compressImage(image.getAbsolutePath());
            Uri uri = Uri.parse(pathNew);   
            Bitmap bitmap=null ;
            try {
                 bitmap     = MediaStore.Images.Media.getBitmap(appContext.getContentResolver(),uri);
            } catch (IOException e) {
                // TODO Auto-generated catch block
                e.printStackTrace();
            }

            return bitmap;
        } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {}
        return null;
    }


    public static String compressImage(String imageUri) {

        String filePath = imageUri;//getRealPathFromURI(imageUri);
        Bitmap scaledBitmap = null;

        BitmapFactory.Options options = new BitmapFactory.Options();

//      by setting this field as true, the actual bitmap pixels are not loaded in the memory. Just the bounds are loaded. If
//      you try the use the bitmap here, you will get null.
        options.inJustDecodeBounds = true;
        Bitmap bmp = BitmapFactory.decodeFile(filePath, options);

        int actualHeight = options.outHeight;
        int actualWidth = options.outWidth;

//      max Height and width values of the compressed image is taken as 816x612

        float maxHeight = 816.0f;
        float maxWidth = 612.0f;
        float imgRatio = actualWidth / actualHeight;
        float maxRatio = maxWidth / maxHeight;

//      width and height values are set maintaining the aspect ratio of the image

        if (actualHeight > maxHeight || actualWidth > maxWidth) {
            if (imgRatio < maxRatio) {               imgRatio = maxHeight / actualHeight;                actualWidth = (int) (imgRatio * actualWidth);               actualHeight = (int) maxHeight;             } else if (imgRatio > maxRatio) {
                imgRatio = maxWidth / actualWidth;
                actualHeight = (int) (imgRatio * actualHeight);
                actualWidth = (int) maxWidth;
            } else {
                actualHeight = (int) maxHeight;
                actualWidth = (int) maxWidth;

            }
        }

//      setting inSampleSize value allows to load a scaled down version of the original image

        options.inSampleSize = calculateInSampleSize(options, actualWidth, actualHeight);

//      inJustDecodeBounds set to false to load the actual bitmap
        options.inJustDecodeBounds = false;

//      this options allow android to claim the bitmap memory if it runs low on memory
        options.inPurgeable = true;
        options.inInputShareable = true;
        options.inTempStorage = new byte[16 * 1024];

        try {
//          load the bitmap from its path
            bmp = BitmapFactory.decodeFile(filePath, options);
        } catch (OutOfMemoryError exception) {
            exception.printStackTrace();

        }
        try {
            scaledBitmap = Bitmap.createBitmap(actualWidth, actualHeight,Bitmap.Config.ARGB_8888);
        } catch (OutOfMemoryError exception) {
            exception.printStackTrace();
        }

        float ratioX = actualWidth / (float) options.outWidth;
        float ratioY = actualHeight / (float) options.outHeight;
        float middleX = actualWidth / 2.0f;
        float middleY = actualHeight / 2.0f;

        Matrix scaleMatrix = new Matrix();
        scaleMatrix.setScale(ratioX, ratioY, middleX, middleY);

        Canvas canvas = new Canvas(scaledBitmap);
        canvas.setMatrix(scaleMatrix);
        canvas.drawBitmap(bmp, middleX - bmp.getWidth() / 2, middleY - bmp.getHeight() / 2, new Paint(Paint.FILTER_BITMAP_FLAG));

//      check the rotation of the image and display it properly
        ExifInterface exif;
        try {
            exif = new ExifInterface(filePath);

            int orientation = exif.getAttributeInt(
                    ExifInterface.TAG_ORIENTATION, 0);
            Log.d("EXIF", "Exif: " + orientation);
            Matrix matrix = new Matrix();
            if (orientation == 6) {
                matrix.postRotate(90);
                Log.d("EXIF", "Exif: " + orientation);
            } else if (orientation == 3) {
                matrix.postRotate(180);
                Log.d("EXIF", "Exif: " + orientation);
            } else if (orientation == 8) {
                matrix.postRotate(270);
                Log.d("EXIF", "Exif: " + orientation);
            }
            scaledBitmap = Bitmap.createBitmap(scaledBitmap, 0, 0,
                    scaledBitmap.getWidth(), scaledBitmap.getHeight(), matrix,
                    true);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

        FileOutputStream out = null;
        String filename = getFilename();
        try {
            out = new FileOutputStream(filename);

//          write the compressed bitmap at the destination specified by filename.
            scaledBitmap.compress(Bitmap.CompressFormat.JPEG, 80, out);

        } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

        return filename;

    }

    public static int calculateInSampleSize(BitmapFactory.Options options, int reqWidth, int reqHeight) {
        final int height = options.outHeight;
        final int width = options.outWidth;
        int inSampleSize = 1;

        if (height > reqHeight || width > reqWidth) {
            final int heightRatio = Math.round((float) height/ (float) reqHeight);
            final int widthRatio = Math.round((float) width / (float) reqWidth);
            inSampleSize = heightRatio < widthRatio ? heightRatio : widthRatio;      }       final float totalPixels = width * height;       final float totalReqPixelsCap = reqWidth * reqHeight * 2;       while (totalPixels / (inSampleSize * inSampleSize) > totalReqPixelsCap) {
            inSampleSize++;
        }

        return inSampleSize;
    }

    public static String getFilename() {
        /*File file = new File(Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory().getPath(), "IMG/Images");
        if (!file.exists()) {
            file.mkdirs();
        }
        String uriSting = (file.getAbsolutePath() + "/" + System.currentTimeMillis() + ".jpg");
        */


        Boolean isSDPresent = android.os.Environment
                .getExternalStorageState().equals(
                        android.os.Environment.MEDIA_MOUNTED);

        File sdCardDirectory;
        if (isSDPresent) {
            // yes SD-card is present
             sdCardDirectory = new File(
                        Environment
                                .getExternalStoragePublicDirectory(Environment.DIRECTORY_PICTURES).getPath(),
                        "IMG/Images");

                if (!sdCardDirectory.exists()) {
                    if (!sdCardDirectory.mkdirs()) {
                        Log.d("MySnaps", "failed to create directory");

                    }
                }
        } else {
            // Sorry
            sdCardDirectory = new File(appContext.getCacheDir(),"");
        }

        String timeStamp = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyyMMdd_HHmmss")
        .format(new Date());

        Random rand = new Random();

// nextInt is normally exclusive of the top value,
// so add 1 to make it inclusive
        int randomNum = rand.nextInt((1000 - 0) + 1) + 0;

        String nw = "img_" + timeStamp + randomNum+".jpg";
        File image = new File(sdCardDirectory, nw);

         String uriSting1 = (sdCardDirectory.getAbsolutePath() + "/" + nw);//System.currentTimeMillis() + ".jpg");

        return uriSting1;

    }
}

添加这个类来处理重图像

public class BitmapHelper
{

    //decodes image and scales it to reduce memory consumption
    public static Bitmap decodeFile(String bitmapFile, int requiredWidth, int requiredHeight, boolean quickAndDirty)
    {
        try
        {
            //Decode image size
            BitmapFactory.Options bitmapSizeOptions = new BitmapFactory.Options();
            bitmapSizeOptions.inJustDecodeBounds = true;
            BitmapFactory.decodeStream(new FileInputStream(bitmapFile), null, bitmapSizeOptions);

            // load image using inSampleSize adapted to required image size
            BitmapFactory.Options bitmapDecodeOptions = new BitmapFactory.Options();
            bitmapDecodeOptions.inTempStorage = new byte[16 * 1024];
            bitmapDecodeOptions.inSampleSize = computeInSampleSize(bitmapSizeOptions, requiredWidth, requiredHeight, false);
            bitmapDecodeOptions.inPurgeable = true;
            bitmapDecodeOptions.inDither = !quickAndDirty;
            bitmapDecodeOptions.inPreferredConfig = quickAndDirty ? Bitmap.Config.RGB_565 : Bitmap.Config.ARGB_8888;

            Bitmap decodedBitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeStream(new FileInputStream(bitmapFile), null, bitmapDecodeOptions);

            // scale bitmap to mathc required size (and keep aspect ratio)

            float srcWidth = (float) bitmapDecodeOptions.outWidth;
            float srcHeight = (float) bitmapDecodeOptions.outHeight;

            float dstWidth = (float) requiredWidth;
            float dstHeight = (float) requiredHeight;

            float srcAspectRatio = srcWidth / srcHeight;
            float dstAspectRatio = dstWidth / dstHeight;

            // recycleDecodedBitmap is used to know if we must recycle intermediary 'decodedBitmap'
            // (DO NOT recycle it right away: wait for end of bitmap manipulation process to avoid
            // java.lang.RuntimeException: Canvas: trying to use a recycled bitmap android.graphics.Bitmap@416ee7d8
            // I do not excatly understand why, but this way it's OK

            boolean recycleDecodedBitmap = false;

            Bitmap scaledBitmap = decodedBitmap;
            if (srcAspectRatio < dstAspectRatio)
            {
                scaledBitmap = getScaledBitmap(decodedBitmap, (int) dstWidth, (int) (srcHeight * (dstWidth / srcWidth)));
                // will recycle recycleDecodedBitmap
                recycleDecodedBitmap = true;
            }
            else if (srcAspectRatio > dstAspectRatio)
            {
                scaledBitmap = getScaledBitmap(decodedBitmap, (int) (srcWidth * (dstHeight / srcHeight)), (int) dstHeight);
                recycleDecodedBitmap = true;
            }

            // crop image to match required image size

            int scaledBitmapWidth = scaledBitmap.getWidth();
            int scaledBitmapHeight = scaledBitmap.getHeight();

            Bitmap croppedBitmap = scaledBitmap;

            if (scaledBitmapWidth > requiredWidth)
            {
                int xOffset = (scaledBitmapWidth - requiredWidth) / 2;
                croppedBitmap = Bitmap.createBitmap(scaledBitmap, xOffset, 0, requiredWidth, requiredHeight);
                scaledBitmap.recycle();
            }
            else if (scaledBitmapHeight > requiredHeight)
            {
                int yOffset = (scaledBitmapHeight - requiredHeight) / 2;
                croppedBitmap = Bitmap.createBitmap(scaledBitmap, 0, yOffset, requiredWidth, requiredHeight);
                scaledBitmap.recycle();
            }

            if (recycleDecodedBitmap)
            {
                decodedBitmap.recycle();
            }
            decodedBitmap = null;

            scaledBitmap = null;
            return croppedBitmap;
        }
        catch (Exception ex)
        {
            ex.printStackTrace();
        }
        return null;
    }

    /**
     * compute powerOf2 or exact scale to be used as {@link BitmapFactory.Options#inSampleSize} value (for subSampling)
     * 
     * @param requiredWidth
     * @param requiredHeight
     * @param powerOf2
     *            weither we want a power of 2 sclae or not
     * @return
     */
    public static int computeInSampleSize(BitmapFactory.Options options, int dstWidth, int dstHeight, boolean powerOf2)
    {
        int inSampleSize = 1;

        // Raw height and width of image
        final int srcHeight = options.outHeight;
        final int srcWidth = options.outWidth;

        if (powerOf2)
        {
            //Find the correct scale value. It should be the power of 2.

            int tmpWidth = srcWidth, tmpHeight = srcHeight;
            while (true)
            {
                if (tmpWidth / 2 < dstWidth || tmpHeight / 2 < dstHeight)
                    break;
                tmpWidth /= 2;
                tmpHeight /= 2;
                inSampleSize *= 2;
            }
        }
        else
        {
            // Calculate ratios of height and width to requested height and width
            final int heightRatio = Math.round((float) srcHeight / (float) dstHeight);
            final int widthRatio = Math.round((float) srcWidth / (float) dstWidth);

            // Choose the smallest ratio as inSampleSize value, this will guarantee
            // a final image with both dimensions larger than or equal to the
            // requested height and width.
            inSampleSize = heightRatio < widthRatio ? heightRatio : widthRatio;
        }

        return inSampleSize;
    }

    public static Bitmap drawableToBitmap(Drawable drawable)
    {
        if (drawable instanceof BitmapDrawable)
        {
            return ((BitmapDrawable) drawable).getBitmap();
        }

        Bitmap bitmap = Bitmap.createBitmap(drawable.getIntrinsicWidth(), drawable.getIntrinsicHeight(), Config.ARGB_8888);
        Canvas canvas = new Canvas(bitmap);
        drawable.setBounds(0, 0, canvas.getWidth(), canvas.getHeight());
        drawable.draw(canvas);

        return bitmap;
    }

    public static Bitmap getScaledBitmap(Bitmap bitmap, int newWidth, int newHeight)
    {
        int width = bitmap.getWidth();
        int height = bitmap.getHeight();
        float scaleWidth = ((float) newWidth) / width;
        float scaleHeight = ((float) newHeight) / height;

        // CREATE A MATRIX FOR THE MANIPULATION
        Matrix matrix = new Matrix();
        // RESIZE THE BIT MAP
        matrix.postScale(scaleWidth, scaleHeight);

        // RECREATE THE NEW BITMAP
        Bitmap resizedBitmap = Bitmap.createBitmap(bitmap, 0, 0, width, height, matrix, false);
        return resizedBitmap;
    }

}

Answer 2

我建议你：

1. 如果您使用基于 xml 的协议从服务器接收数据 - 使用SAX解析器而不是 DOM。

2. 不要将整个 base64 字符串加载到内存中。 使用InputStream将部分数据加载到byte[]数组中，从数组中解码 Base64 并通过FileOutputStream将结果附加到缓存文件中。

3. 使用options.inJustDecodeBounds选项可防止将全尺寸位图文件加载到内存中。 例如，您可以评估所需的内存总量并做出缩减它的决定。 更新。 我注意到你已经在使用它了。

4. 请记住您持有并通过您的方法流传递的对象引用。 强引用可防止内存被 GC 回收。

按照您的代码：方法decodeBase64在堆栈中保存String input参数参数， byte[] decodedByte引用并在最后返回BitmapFactory.decodeStream(new FileInputStream(f), null, o2) 。 同时将所有这些对象保存在内存中意味着对 GC 和内存分配的总体压力很大。 作为最简单的解决方案，您可以在使用相应的对象（字符串和字节数组）后立即将引用设为null ，这样 GC 将能够释放它们。

Answer 3

尝试使用此伪代码：如果您有任何问题，请告诉我

Bitmap bmp = (Bitmap) data.getExtras().get("data");

        img.setImageBitmap(bmp);
        btnadd.requestFocus();

        ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
        bmp.compress(Bitmap.CompressFormat.JPEG, 100, baos);
        byte[] b = baos.toByteArray();
        encodedImageString = Base64.encodeToString(b, Base64.DEFAULT);

        byte[] bytarray = Base64.decode(encodedImageString, Base64.DEFAULT);
        Bitmap bmimage = BitmapFactory.decodeByteArray(bytarray, 0,
                bytarray.length);

Answer 4

只需在清单文件中增加应用程序的堆大小。

android:largeHeap="true"

eg:
<application
        android:allowBackup="true"
        android:icon="@drawable/ic_launcher"
        android:label="@string/app_name"
        android:theme="@style/Theme.AppTheme"
        android:largeHeap="true" >

Answer 5

您不是对 Bitmap 实例进行 base64 编码（正如您在帖子甚至主题中所建议的那样），而是String imageEncoded = Base64.encodeToString(b, Base64.DEFAULT);的字节数组b String imageEncoded = Base64.encodeToString(b, Base64.DEFAULT); . 如果您将这些字节写入文件，字节数组 'b' 包含的字节将是 .jpg 文件的内容。

您需要做的是将要直接上传的 .jpg 文件的内容放入字节数组中。 然后对该数组进行编码。

Google for android put file content in byte array 。 代码已在本站多次发布

Answer 6

正如 greenapps 建议的那样，最好避免使用 Bitmap 和 BitmapFactory 来传输文件：

FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(imageFile);
byte[] byteArray = inputStreamToByteArray(fis);
String base64ImageSend = Base64.encodeToString(byteArray, Base64.NO_WRAP);

在哪里：

/**
 * Convert an InputStream object into a byte array
 * @param inputStream The InputStream to convert
 * @return The byte[] representing the converted InputStream or null if the inputStream is null
 */
public static byte[] inputStreamToByteArray(InputStream inputStream) throws IOException {
    if(inputStream==null) {
        return null;
    }
    ByteArrayOutputStream byteBuffer = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
    int bufferSize = 1024;
    byte[] buffer = new byte[bufferSize];

    int len = 0;
    while ((len = inputStream.read(buffer)) != -1) {
        byteBuffer.write(buffer, 0, len);
    }
    return byteBuffer.toByteArray();
}

实际上，正如 Kai 所说，outOfMemory 问题是由于您正在解码全分辨率和高质量图像。 避免这种情况的更好方法是对图像进行下采样：

/**
 * Decode a file, representing an image, into a bitmap, trying to scale the original image if required
 * @param context The application context
 * @param file The image file
 * @param requestedWidth The requested width
 * @param requestedHeight The requested height
 * @return The decoded bitmap or null if it is not possible to decode the file parameter
 */
public static Bitmap decodeImageFileIntoMutableBitmap(Context context, File file, int requestedWidth, int requestedHeight) {
    BitmapFactory.Options options = new BitmapFactory.Options();
    options.inJustDecodeBounds = true; // just compute size, don't create bitmap
    BitmapFactory.decodeFile(file.getAbsolutePath(), options);
    float sampleSize = computeImageScaleCoefficient(options, requestedWidth, requestedHeight);
    if (sampleSize == -1) {
        return null;
    }
    else if (sampleSize <= 1) {
        options.inSampleSize = 1;
    }
    else {
        options.inSampleSize = (int) sampleSize;
    }
    options.inJustDecodeBounds = false; // compute size and create bitmap
    /*it is possible to reduce the memory when decoding through skipping ARGB_8888 and using RGB_565 instead and inDither to true to preserve image quality.*/
    //options.inPreferredConfig = Bitmap.Config.RGB_565;
    //options.inDither = true;
    Bitmap bitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeFile(file.getAbsolutePath(), options);
    if (bitmap == null) {
        return null;
    }
    return bitmap;
}

/**
 * Find the sample coefficient <code><b>s<sub>k</sub></b>=2<sup>k</sup></code>, with <code>k &isin &#8469;</code>, such that
 * <code>min<sub>k</sub>(requestedWidth-options.outWidth&times;<b>s<sub>k</sub></b>)&gt;0</code>
 * <code>&&</code>
 * <code>min<sub>k</sub>(requestedHeight-options.outHeight&times;<b>s<sub>k</sub></b>)&gt;0</code>
 * @param options The BitmapFactory.Options instance of the original image user wants to scale
 * @param requestedWidth The requested width
 * @param requestedHeight The requested height
 * @return -1 if if there is an error trying to decode the image
 * or the sample coefficient <code><b>s<sub>k</sub></b></code>,
 * &gt;1 if the image needs to be down-sampled,
 * &lt;1 if the image needs to be up-sampled
 */
public static float computeImageScaleCoefficient(BitmapFactory.Options options, int requestedWidth, int requestedHeight) {
    float sampleCoefficient = 1;
    int imageWidth = options.outWidth;
    int imageHeight = options.outHeight;
    if (imageWidth == -1 || imageHeight == -1) {
        return -1;
    }
    double outWidth = imageWidth;
    double outHeight = imageHeight;
    if ((outWidth > requestedWidth) || (outHeight > requestedHeight)) {
        while ((outWidth > requestedWidth) || (outHeight > requestedHeight)) {
            outWidth = Math.floor(outWidth/2.0);
            outHeight = Math.floor(outHeight/2.0);
            sampleCoefficient *= 2.0;
        }
    }
    else {
        while ((outWidth < requestedWidth) && (outHeight < requestedHeight)) {
            outWidth *= 2;
            outHeight *= 2;
            if ((outWidth <= requestedWidth) && (outHeight <= requestedHeight)) {
                sampleCoefficient /= 2.0;
            }
        }
    }
    return sampleCoefficient;
}

Answer 7

你可以试试这个，它应该可以解决你的问题。

基本上首先将数据保存到文件中，使用缓冲区来避免内存问题。 之后我们检查并调整文件大小 - 直接加载调整大小的位图，再次避免内存问题。

据我所知，您是从服务器获取编码字符串......因此您可以管理您的代码以直接写入文件。

将数据写入文件：

private Bitmap getBitmapThumbnail(String base64StringReceive) {
        byte[] data = Base64.decode(base64StringReceive, Base64.DEFAULT);
        File file = new File(getFilesDir(), "testFile");

        try {
            BufferedOutputStream bos = new BufferedOutputStream(openFileOutput("testFile", Context.MODE_PRIVATE),1024);
            bos.write(data);
        } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return getThumbFromFile(file, false);
    }

从图像文件创建缩略图：

private Bitmap getThumbFromFile(File file) {
    Bitmap tempImage = null;
    try {
        tempImage = decodeSampledBitmapFromFile(file.getAbsolutePath(), 50, 50); // this is in pixels - use your desired size
        return ThumbnailUtils.extractThumbnail(tempImage, 50, 50);
    } finally {
        if (tempImage != null) {
            tempImage.recycle();
        }
    }
}

仅加载调整大小的位图：

private Bitmap decodeSampledBitmapFromFile(String filePath, int reqWidth, int reqHeight) {
    // First decode with inJustDecodeBounds=true to check dimensions
    final BitmapFactory.Options options = new BitmapFactory.Options();
    options.inJustDecodeBounds = true;
    BitmapFactory.decodeFile(filePath, options);

    // Calculate inSampleSize
    options.inSampleSize = calculateInSampleSize(options, reqWidth, reqHeight);

    // Decode bitmap with inSampleSize set
    options.inJustDecodeBounds = false;
    return BitmapFactory.decodeFile(filePath, options);
}

计算采样值 - 由谷歌提供，你可以在他们的教程中找到它：

private int calculateInSampleSize(BitmapFactory.Options options, int reqWidth, int reqHeight) {
    // Raw height and width of image
    final int height = options.outHeight;
    final int width = options.outWidth;
    int inSampleSize = 1;

    if (height > reqHeight || width > reqWidth) {

        final int halfHeight = height / 2;
        final int halfWidth = width / 2;

        // Calculate the largest inSampleSize value that is a power of 2 and keeps both
        // height and width larger than the requested height and width.
        while ((halfHeight / inSampleSize) > reqHeight &&
                (halfWidth / inSampleSize) > reqWidth) {
            inSampleSize *= 2;
        }
    }

    return inSampleSize;
}