由于缺少原生扩展，Nokogiri安装错误

Question

我一直在尝试根据这些说明安装Ruby on Rails。 但是，运行gem install rails -v 4.2.4时出现以下错误：

Fetching: rack-1.6.4.gem (100%)
Successfully installed rack-1.6.4
Building native extensions.  This could take a while...
ERROR:  Error installing rails:
    ERROR: Failed to build gem native extension.

    /home/falak/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.2.3/bin/ruby -r ./siteconf20150909-22683-172bl7d.rb extconf.rb
checking if the C compiler accepts ... *** extconf.rb failed ***
Could not create Makefile due to some reason, probably lack of necessary
libraries and/or headers.  Check the mkmf.log file for more details.  You may
need configuration options.

Provided configuration options:
    --with-opt-dir
    --without-opt-dir
    --with-opt-include
    --without-opt-include=${opt-dir}/include
    --with-opt-lib
    --without-opt-lib=${opt-dir}/lib
    --with-make-prog
    --without-make-prog
    --srcdir=.
    --curdir
    --ruby=/home/falak/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.2.3/bin/$(RUBY_BASE_NAME)
    --help
    --clean
/home/falak/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.2.3/lib/ruby/2.2.0/mkmf.rb:456:in `try_do': The compiler failed to generate an executable file. (RuntimeError)
You have to install development tools first.
    from /home/falak/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.2.3/lib/ruby/2.2.0/mkmf.rb:571:in `block in try_compile'
    from /home/falak/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.2.3/lib/ruby/2.2.0/mkmf.rb:522:in `with_werror'
    from /home/falak/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.2.3/lib/ruby/2.2.0/mkmf.rb:571:in `try_compile'
    from extconf.rb:80:in `nokogiri_try_compile'
    from extconf.rb:87:in `block in add_cflags'
    from /home/falak/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.2.3/lib/ruby/2.2.0/mkmf.rb:619:in `with_cflags'
    from extconf.rb:86:in `add_cflags'
    from extconf.rb:337:in `<main>'

extconf failed, exit code 1

Gem files will remain installed in /home/falak/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/gems/nokogiri-1.6.6.2 for inspection.
Results logged to /home/falak/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/extensions/x86_64-linux/2.2.0/nokogiri-1.6.6.2/gem_make.out

我通过运行gem install nokogiri -v 1.6.2.1 -- --use-system-libraries尝试使用系统库gem install nokogiri -v 1.6.2.1 -- --use-system-libraries ，但是我收到以下错误：

Building native extensions with: '--use-system-libraries'
This could take a while...
Building nokogiri using system libraries.
ERROR:  Error installing nokogiri:
    ERROR: Failed to build gem native extension.

    /home/falak/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.2.3/bin/ruby -r ./siteconf20150909-23169-twqmu6.rb extconf.rb --use-system-libraries
Building nokogiri using system libraries.
*** extconf.rb failed ***
Could not create Makefile due to some reason, probably lack of necessary
libraries and/or headers.  Check the mkmf.log file for more details.  You may
need configuration options.

Provided configuration options:
    --with-opt-dir
    --without-opt-dir
    --with-opt-include
    --without-opt-include=${opt-dir}/include
    --with-opt-lib
    --without-opt-lib=${opt-dir}/lib
    --with-make-prog
    --without-make-prog
    --srcdir=.
    --curdir
    --ruby=/home/falak/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.2.3/bin/$(RUBY_BASE_NAME)
    --help
    --clean
    --use-system-libraries
    --with-zlib-dir
    --without-zlib-dir
    --with-zlib-include
    --without-zlib-include=${zlib-dir}/include
    --with-zlib-lib
    --without-zlib-lib=${zlib-dir}/lib
    --with-xml2-dir
    --without-xml2-dir
    --with-xml2-include
    --without-xml2-include=${xml2-dir}/include
    --with-xml2-lib
    --without-xml2-lib=${xml2-dir}/lib
    --with-libxml-2.0-config
    --without-libxml-2.0-config
    --with-pkg-config
    --without-pkg-config
/home/falak/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.2.3/lib/ruby/2.2.0/mkmf.rb:456:in `try_do': The compiler failed to generate an executable file. (RuntimeError)
You have to install development tools first.
    from /home/falak/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.2.3/lib/ruby/2.2.0/mkmf.rb:541:in `try_link0'
    from /home/falak/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.2.3/lib/ruby/2.2.0/mkmf.rb:556:in `try_link'
    from /home/falak/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.2.3/lib/ruby/2.2.0/mkmf.rb:637:in `try_ldflags'
    from /home/falak/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.2.3/lib/ruby/2.2.0/mkmf.rb:1780:in `pkg_config'
    from extconf.rb:338:in `<main>'

extconf failed, exit code 1

Gem files will remain installed in /home/falak/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/gems/nokogiri-1.6.2.1 for inspection.
Results logged to /home/falak/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/extensions/x86_64-linux/2.2.0/nokogiri-1.6.2.1/gem_make.out

Answer 1

尝试安装libgmp-dev库

apt-get install libgmp-dev

Answer 2

使用RVM在ruby 2.2.3中安装rails也是其他用户的主要问题。 现在，你仍然可以在ruby 2.2.2中获得rails 4.2.4。 尝试：

    rvm install 2.2.2
    rvm --default use 2.2.2
    gem install rails

这应该仍然有效。 RVM由于某种原因没有在2.2.3中安装正确的标头来构建gem。

Answer 3

对于OS X用户：记得更新Xcode命令行开发人员工具，这是99％OS X用户的问题。 xcode-select --install

Answer 4

您可以尝试这个惊人的解决方案

解决方案是：

sudo apt-get install ruby-dev

或者，如果这不起作用，取决于您的ruby版本，运行如下：

sudo apt-get install ruby1.9.1-dev

应该解决你的问题。

还是行不通？ 安装ruby-dev后尝试以下方法：

sudo apt-get install make

Answer 5

此解决方案适用于nokogiri错误：

sudo apt-get install ruby-dev

Answer 6

正如错误所示，检查mkmf.log文件。 在那里你会找到丢失的头文件。

在我的情况下，我错过了zlib.h. 错误是：

找不到#include文件“zlib.h”

所以解决它：

sudo apt-get install zlib1g-dev

要查找所需的开发包，可以使用apt-file

$ apt-file search zlib.h
zlib1g-dev: /usr/include/zlib.h