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解析自定义控制器中的实体 URI (Spring HATEOAS)

[英]Resolving entity URI in custom controller (Spring HATEOAS)

我有一个基于 spring-data-rest 的项目,它还有一些自定义端点。

为了发送 POST 数据,我正在使用 json 之类的

{
 "action": "REMOVE",
 "customer": "http://localhost:8080/api/rest/customers/7"
}

这对于 spring-data-rest 很好,但不适用于自定义控制器。

例如:

public class Action {
    public ActionType action;
    public Customer customer;
}

@RestController
public class ActionController(){
  @Autowired
  private ActionService actionService;

  @RestController
  public class ActionController {
  @Autowired
  private ActionService actionService;

  @RequestMapping(value = "/customer/action", method = RequestMethod.POST)
  public ResponseEntity<ActionResult> doAction(@RequestBody Action action){
    ActionType actionType = action.action;
    Customer customer = action.customer;//<------There is a problem
    ActionResult result = actionService.doCustomerAction(actionType, customer);
    return ResponseEntity.ok(result);
  }
}

当我打电话

curl -v -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '{"action": "REMOVE","customer": "http://localhost:8080/api/rest/customers/7"}' http://localhost:8080/customer/action

我有答案

{
"timestamp" : "2016-05-12T11:55:41.237+0000",
"status" : 400,
"error" : "Bad Request",
"exception" : "org.springframework.http.converter.HttpMessageNotReadableException",
"message" : "Could not read document: Can not instantiate value of type [simple type, class model.user.Customer] from String value ('http://localhost:8080/api/rest/customers/7'); no single-String constructor/factory method\n at [Source: java.io.PushbackInputStream@73af10c6; line: 1, column: 33] (through reference chain: api.controller.Action[\"customer\"]); nested exception is com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.JsonMappingException: Can not instantiate value of type [simple type, class logic.model.user.Customer] from String value ('http://localhost:8080/api/rest/customers/7'); no single-String constructor/factory method\n at [Source: java.io.PushbackInputStream@73af10c6; line: 1, column: 33] (through reference chain: api.controller.Action[\"customer\"])",
"path" : "/customer/action"
* Closing connection 0
}

原因是 spring 无法将 URI 转换为 Customer 实体。

有没有办法使用 spring-data-rest 机制通过 URI 解析实体?

我只有一个想法 - 使用自定义 JsonDeserializer 和解析 URI 来提取 entityId 并向存储库发出请求。 但是,如果我有像“ http://localhost:8080/api/rest/customers/8/product ”这样的 URI,那么这个策略对我没有帮助,在这种情况下我没有product.Id值。

我也遇到同样的问题很长时间了,并通过以下方式解决了它。 @Florian 走在正确的轨道上,感谢他的建议,我找到了一种自动进行转换的方法。 需要几个部分:

  1. 支持从 URI 到实体的转换的转换服务(利用框架提供的 UriToEntityConverter)
  2. 用于检测何时适合调用转换器的解串器(我们不想弄乱默认的 SDR 行为)
  3. 将所有内容推送到 SDR 的自定义 Jackson 模块

对于第 1 点,实现可以缩小到以下内容

import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.data.mapping.context.PersistentEntities;
import org.springframework.data.repository.support.DomainClassConverter;
import org.springframework.data.rest.core.UriToEntityConverter;
import org.springframework.format.support.DefaultFormattingConversionService;

public class UriToEntityConversionService extends DefaultFormattingConversionService {

   private UriToEntityConverter converter;

   public UriToEntityConversionService(ApplicationContext applicationContext, PersistentEntities entities) {
      new DomainClassConverter<>(this).setApplicationContext(applicationContext);

       converter = new UriToEntityConverter(entities, this);

       addConverter(converter);
   }

   public UriToEntityConverter getConverter() {
      return converter;
   }
}

对于第 2 点,这是我的解决方案

import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.BeanDescription;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.DeserializationConfig;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.DeserializationContext;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.deser.BeanDeserializerBuilder;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.deser.BeanDeserializerModifier;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.deser.ValueInstantiator;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.deser.std.StdValueInstantiator;
import your.domain.RootEntity; // <-- replace this with the import of the root class (or marker interface) of your domain
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.core.convert.TypeDescriptor;
import org.springframework.data.mapping.PersistentEntity;
import org.springframework.data.mapping.context.PersistentEntities;
import org.springframework.data.rest.core.UriToEntityConverter;
import org.springframework.util.Assert;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.URI;
import java.net.URISyntaxException;
import java.util.Optional;


public class RootEntityFromUriDeserializer extends BeanDeserializerModifier {

   private final UriToEntityConverter converter;
   private final PersistentEntities repositories;

   public RootEntityFromUriDeserializer(PersistentEntities repositories, UriToEntityConverter converter) {

       Assert.notNull(repositories, "Repositories must not be null!");
       Assert.notNull(converter, "UriToEntityConverter must not be null!");

       this.repositories = repositories;
       this.converter = converter;
   }

   @Override
   public BeanDeserializerBuilder updateBuilder(DeserializationConfig config, BeanDescription beanDesc, BeanDeserializerBuilder builder) {

       PersistentEntity<?, ?> entity = repositories.getPersistentEntity(beanDesc.getBeanClass());

       boolean deserializingARootEntity = entity != null && RootEntity.class.isAssignableFrom(entity.getType());

       if (deserializingARootEntity) {
           replaceValueInstantiator(builder, entity);
       }

       return builder;
   }

   private void replaceValueInstantiator(BeanDeserializerBuilder builder, PersistentEntity<?, ?> entity) {
      ValueInstantiator currentValueInstantiator = builder.getValueInstantiator();

       if (currentValueInstantiator instanceof StdValueInstantiator) {

          EntityFromUriInstantiator entityFromUriInstantiator =
                new EntityFromUriInstantiator((StdValueInstantiator) currentValueInstantiator, entity.getType(), converter);

          builder.setValueInstantiator(entityFromUriInstantiator);
       }
   }

   private class EntityFromUriInstantiator extends StdValueInstantiator {
      private final Class entityType;
      private final UriToEntityConverter converter;

      private EntityFromUriInstantiator(StdValueInstantiator src, Class entityType, UriToEntityConverter converter) {
         super(src);
         this.entityType = entityType;
         this.converter = converter;
      }

      @Override
      public Object createFromString(DeserializationContext ctxt, String value) throws IOException {
         URI uri;
         try {
            uri = new URI(value);
         } catch (URISyntaxException e) {
            return super.createFromString(ctxt, value);
         }

         return converter.convert(uri, TypeDescriptor.valueOf(URI.class), TypeDescriptor.valueOf(entityType));
      }
   }
}

然后对于第 3 点,在自定义 RepositoryRestConfigurerAdapter 中,

public class MyRepositoryRestConfigurer extends RepositoryRestConfigurerAdapter {
   @Override
   public void configureJacksonObjectMapper(ObjectMapper objectMapper) {
      objectMapper.registerModule(new SimpleModule("URIDeserializationModule"){

         @Override
         public void setupModule(SetupContext context) {
            UriToEntityConverter converter = conversionService.getConverter();

            RootEntityFromUriDeserializer rootEntityFromUriDeserializer = new RootEntityFromUriDeserializer(persistentEntities, converter);

            context.addBeanDeserializerModifier(rootEntityFromUriDeserializer);
         }
      });
   }
}

这对我来说很顺利,并且不会干扰框架的任何转换(我们有许多自定义端点)。 在第 2 点中,目的是仅在以下情况下从 URI 启用实例化:

  1. 被反序列化的实体是一个根实体(所以没有属性)
  2. 提供的字符串是一个实际的 URI(否则它只会回退到默认行为)

这更像是一个旁注而不是真正的答案,但不久前我设法通过使用 SDR 中使用的方法(更粗略)复制并粘贴自己一个类来解析 URL 中的实体。 可能有更好的方法,但在那之前,也许这会有所帮助......

@Service
public class EntityConverter {

    @Autowired
    private MappingContext<?, ?> mappingContext;

    @Autowired
    private ApplicationContext applicationContext;

    @Autowired(required = false)
    private List<RepositoryRestConfigurer> configurers = Collections.emptyList();

    public <T> T convert(Link link, Class<T> target) {

        DefaultFormattingConversionService conversionService = new DefaultFormattingConversionService();

        PersistentEntities entities = new PersistentEntities(Arrays.asList(mappingContext));
        UriToEntityConverter converter = new UriToEntityConverter(entities, conversionService);
        conversionService.addConverter(converter);
        addFormatters(conversionService);
        for (RepositoryRestConfigurer configurer : configurers) {
            configurer.configureConversionService(conversionService);
        }

        URI uri = convert(link);
        T object = target.cast(conversionService.convert(uri, TypeDescriptor.valueOf(target)));
        if (object == null) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException(String.format("%s '%s' was not found.", target.getSimpleName(), uri));
        }
        return object;
    }

    private URI convert(Link link) {
        try {
            return new URI(link.getHref());
        } catch (Exception e) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("URI from link is invalid", e);
        }
    }

    private void addFormatters(FormatterRegistry registry) {

        registry.addFormatter(DistanceFormatter.INSTANCE);
        registry.addFormatter(PointFormatter.INSTANCE);

        if (!(registry instanceof FormattingConversionService)) {
            return;
        }

        FormattingConversionService conversionService = (FormattingConversionService) registry;

        DomainClassConverter<FormattingConversionService> converter = new DomainClassConverter<FormattingConversionService>(
                conversionService);
        converter.setApplicationContext(applicationContext);
    }

}

是的,这门课的部分内容很可能根本没用。 在我的辩护中,这只是一个简短的黑客,我从来没有真正需要它,因为我首先发现了其他问题;-)

对于带有@RequestBody HAL,使用Resource<T>作为方法参数而不是实体Action以允许转换相关资源 URI

public ResponseEntity<ActionResult> doAction(@RequestBody Resource<Action> action){

我不敢相信。 在 MONTH(!) 把我的头围绕在这个问题上之后,我设法解决了这个问题

一些介绍的话:

Spring HATEOAS 使用 URI 作为对实体的引用。 它为获取给定实体的这些 URI 链接提供了极大的支持。 例如,当客户端请求引用其他子实体的实体时,客户端将收到这些 URI。 很高兴与之合作。

GET /users/1
{ 
  "username": "foobar",
  "_links": {
     "self": {
       "href": "http://localhost:8080/user/1"  //<<<== HATEOAS Link
      }
  }
}

REST 客户端仅适用于这些 uri。 REST 客户端不得知道这些 URI 的结构。 REST 客户端不知道 URI 字符串末尾有一个数据库内部 ID。

到目前为止一切顺利。 但是 spring 数据 HATEOAS 不提供任何将 URI 转换回相应实体(从数据库加载)的功能。 每个人都需要在自定义 REST 控制器中使用它。 (见上面的问题)

考虑一个示例,您希望在自定义 REST 控制器中与用户一起工作。 客户端将发送此请求

POST /checkAdress
{
   user: "/users/1"
   someMoreOtherParams: "...",
   [...]
}

自定义 REST 控制器应如何从(字符串)uri 反序列化到 UserModel? 我找到了一种方法:您必须在 RepositoryRestConfigurer 中配置 Jackson 反序列化:

RepositoryRestConfigurer.java

public class RepositoryRestConfigurer extends RepositoryRestConfigurerAdapter {
@Autowired
  UserRepo userRepo;

  @Override
  public void configureJacksonObjectMapper(ObjectMapper objectMapper) {
    SimpleModule module = new SimpleModule();
    module.addDeserializer(UserModel.class, new JsonDeserializer<UserModel>() {
    @Override
        public UserModel deserialize(JsonParser p, DeserializationContext ctxt) throws IOException, JsonProcessingException {
            String uri = p.getValueAsString();
            //extract ID from URI, with regular expression (1)
            Pattern regex = Pattern.compile(".*\\/" + entityName + "\\/(\\d+)");
            Matcher matcher = regex.matcher(uri);
            if (!matcher.matches()) throw new RuntimeException("This does not seem to be an URI for an '"+entityName+"': "+uri);
            String userId = matcher.group(1);
            UserModel user = userRepo.findById(userId)   
              .orElseThrow(() -> new RuntimeException("User with id "+userId+" does not exist."))
            return user;
        }
    });
    objectMapper.registerModule(module);
}

}

(1) 这个字符串解析很丑。 我知道。 但这只是 org.springframework.hateoas.EntityLinks 及其实现的反面。 而 spring-hateos 的作者固执地拒绝提供两个方向的实用方法。

我得到了以下解决方案。 这有点hackish,但有效。

首先,将 URI 转换为实体的服务。

实体转换器

import java.net.URI;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.List;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.core.convert.TypeDescriptor;
import org.springframework.data.geo.format.DistanceFormatter;
import org.springframework.data.geo.format.PointFormatter;
import org.springframework.data.mapping.context.MappingContext;
import org.springframework.data.mapping.context.PersistentEntities;
import org.springframework.data.repository.support.DefaultRepositoryInvokerFactory;
import org.springframework.data.repository.support.DomainClassConverter;
import org.springframework.data.repository.support.Repositories;
import org.springframework.data.rest.core.UriToEntityConverter;
import org.springframework.data.rest.webmvc.config.RepositoryRestConfigurer;
import org.springframework.format.FormatterRegistry;
import org.springframework.format.support.DefaultFormattingConversionService;
import org.springframework.format.support.FormattingConversionService;
import org.springframework.hateoas.Link;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

@Service
public class EntityConverter {

    @Autowired
    private MappingContext<?, ?> mappingContext;

    @Autowired
    private ApplicationContext applicationContext;

    @Autowired(required = false)
    private List<RepositoryRestConfigurer> configurers = Collections.emptyList();

    public <T> T convert(Link link, Class<T> target) {

        DefaultFormattingConversionService conversionService = new DefaultFormattingConversionService();

        Repositories repositories = new Repositories(applicationContext);
        UriToEntityConverter converter = new UriToEntityConverter(
            new PersistentEntities(Collections.singleton(mappingContext)),
            new DefaultRepositoryInvokerFactory(repositories),
            repositories);

        conversionService.addConverter(converter);
        addFormatters(conversionService);
        for (RepositoryRestConfigurer configurer : configurers) {
            configurer.configureConversionService(conversionService);
        }

        URI uri = convert(link);
        T object = target.cast(conversionService.convert(uri, TypeDescriptor.valueOf(target)));
        if (object == null) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException(String.format("registerNotFound", target.getSimpleName(), uri));
        }
        return object;
    }

    private URI convert(Link link) {
        try {
            return new URI(link.getHref().replace("{?projection}", ""));
        } catch (Exception e) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("invalidURI", e);
        }
    }

    private void addFormatters(FormatterRegistry registry) {

        registry.addFormatter(DistanceFormatter.INSTANCE);
        registry.addFormatter(PointFormatter.INSTANCE);

        if (!(registry instanceof FormattingConversionService)) {
            return;
        }

        FormattingConversionService conversionService = (FormattingConversionService) registry;

        DomainClassConverter<FormattingConversionService> converter = new DomainClassConverter<FormattingConversionService>(
                conversionService);
        converter.setApplicationContext(applicationContext);
    }
}

其次,一个组件要能够在 Spring 上下文之外使用EntityConverter

应用上下文持有者

import org.springframework.beans.BeansException;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContextAware;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

@Component
public class ApplicationContextHolder implements ApplicationContextAware {

    private static ApplicationContext context;

    @Override
    public void setApplicationContext(ApplicationContext applicationContext) throws BeansException {
        context = applicationContext;
    }

    public static ApplicationContext getContext() {
        return context;
    }
}

第三,将另一个实体作为输入的实体构造函数。

我的实体

public MyEntity(MyEntity entity) {
    property1 = entity.property1;
    property2 = entity.property2;
    property3 = entity.property3;
    // ...
}

第四,实体构造函数,以String为输入,应该是URI。

我的实体

public MyEntity(String URI) {
    this(ApplicationContextHolder.getContext().getBean(EntityConverter.class).convert(new Link(URI.replace("{?projection}", "")), MyEntity.class));
}

或者,我已将上面的部分代码移至Utils类。

我通过查看问题帖子中的错误消息得出了这个解决方案,我也收到了。 Spring 不知道如何从String构造对象? 我会告诉它如何...

但是,就像评论中所说的那样,不适用于嵌套实体的 URI。

我的解决方案将是一些紧凑的。 不确定它对所有情况都有用,但对于像.../entity/{id}这样的简单关系它可以解析。 我已经在 SDR & Spring Boot 2.0.3.RELEASE 上测试过了

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.core.convert.TypeDescriptor;
import org.springframework.data.mapping.context.MappingContext;
import org.springframework.data.mapping.context.PersistentEntities;
import org.springframework.data.repository.support.Repositories;
import org.springframework.data.repository.support.RepositoryInvokerFactory;
import org.springframework.data.rest.core.UriToEntityConverter;
import org.springframework.hateoas.Link;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

import java.net.URI;
import java.util.Collections;

@Service
public class UriToEntityConversionService {

    @Autowired
    private MappingContext<?, ?> mappingContext; // OOTB

    @Autowired
    private RepositoryInvokerFactory invokerFactory; // OOTB

    @Autowired
    private Repositories repositories; // OOTB

    public <T> T convert(Link link, Class<T> target) {

        PersistentEntities entities = new PersistentEntities(Collections.singletonList(mappingContext));
        UriToEntityConverter converter = new UriToEntityConverter(entities, invokerFactory, repositories);

        URI uri = convert(link);
        Object o = converter.convert(uri, TypeDescriptor.valueOf(URI.class), TypeDescriptor.valueOf(target));
        T object = target.cast(o);
        if (object == null) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException(String.format("%s '%s' was not found.", target.getSimpleName(), uri));
        }
        return object;
    }

    private URI convert(Link link) {
        try {
            return new URI(link.getHref());
        } catch (Exception e) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("URI from link is invalid", e);
        }
    }
}

用法:

@Component
public class CategoryConverter implements Converter<CategoryForm, Category> {

    private UriToEntityConversionService conversionService;

    @Autowired
    public CategoryConverter(UriToEntityConversionService conversionService) {
            this.conversionService = conversionService;
    }

    @Override
    public Category convert(CategoryForm source) {
        Category category = new Category();
        category.setId(source.getId());
        category.setName(source.getName());
        category.setOptions(source.getOptions());

        if (source.getParent() != null) {
            Category parent = conversionService.convert(new Link(source.getParent()), Category.class);
            category.setParent(parent);
        }
        return category;
    }
}

请求 JSON,如:

{
    ...
    "parent": "http://localhost:8080/categories/{id}",
    ...
}

不幸的是,使用 Spring Data REST 的UriToEntityConverter (可以将 URI 转换为实体的通用转换器)没有作为Bean或作为Service导出。

所以我们不能直接@Autowired它,但它在默认格式转换服务中注册为转换器

因此,我们设法使用@Autowired默认格式转换服务并使用它们将 URI 转换为实体,例如:

@RestController
@RequiredArgsConstructor
public class InstanceController {

    private final DefaultFormattingConversionService formattingConversionService;

    @RequestMapping(path = "/api/instances", method = {RequestMethod.POST})
    public ResponseEntity<?> create(@RequestBody @Valid InstanceDTO instanceDTO) { // get something what you want from request

        // ...

        // extract URI from any string what you want to process
        final URI uri = "..."; // http://localhost:8080/api/instances/1
        // convert URI to Entity
        final Instance instance = formattingConversionService.convert(uri, Instance.class); // Instance(id=1, ...)

        // ...

    }

}

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