将特定格式的纯文本转换为VIM中的JSON

Question

我所有的大学笔记都是JSON格式，当我从pdf中收到一系列实用问题时，其格式如下：

1. Download and compile the code. Run the example to get an understanding of how it works. (Note that both
threads write to the standard output, and so there is some mixing up of the two conceptual streams, but this
is an interface issue, not of concern in this course.)
2. Explore the classes SumTask and StringTask as well as the abstract class Task.
3. Modify StringTask.java so that it also writes out “Executing a StringTask task” when the execute() method is
called.
4. Create a new subclass of Task called ProdTask that prints out the product of a small array of int. (You will have
to add another option in TaskGenerationThread.java to allow the user to generate a ProdTask for the queue.)
Note: you might notice strange behaviour with a naïve implementation of this and an array of int that is larger
than 7 items with numbers varying between 0 (inclusive) and 20 (exclusive); see ProdTask.java in the answer
for a discussion.
5. Play with the behaviour of the processing thread so that it polls more frequently and a larger number of times,
but “pop()”s off only the first task in the queue and executes it.
6. Remove the “taskType” member variable definition from the abstract Task class. Then add statements such as
the following to the SumTask class definition:
private static final String taskType = "SumTask";
Investigate what “static” and “final” mean.
7. More challenging: write an interface and modify the SumTask, StringTask and ProdTask classes so that they
implement this interface. Here’s an example interface:

我想做的是将其复制到vim中并执行查找并替换以将其转换为：

    "1": {
        "Task": "Download and compile the code. Run the example to get an understanding of how it works. (Note that both threads write to the standard output, and so there is some mixing up of the two conceptual streams, but this is an interface issue, not of concern in this course.)",
        "Solution": ""
    },
    "2": {
        "Task": "Explore the classes SumTask and StringTask as well as the abstract class Task.",
        "Solution": ""
    },
    "3": {
        "Task": "Modify StringTask.java so that it also writes out “Executing a StringTask task” when the execute() method is called.",
        "Solution": ""
    },
    "4": {
        "Task": "Create a new subclass of Task called ProdTask that prints out the product of a small array of int. (You will have to add another option in TaskGenerationThread.java to allow the user to generate a ProdTask for the queue.) Note: you might notice strange behaviour with a naïve implementation of this and an array of int that is larger than 7 items with numbers varying between 0 (inclusive) and 20 (exclusive); see ProdTask.java in the answer for a discussion.",
        "Solution": ""
    },
    "5": {
        "Task": "Play with the behaviour of the processing thread so that it polls more frequently and a larger number of times, but “pop()”s off only the first task in the queue and executes it.",
        "Solution": ""  
    },
    "6": {
        "Task": "Remove the “taskType” member variable definition from the abstract Task class. Then add statements such as the following to the SumTask class definition: private static final String taskType = 'SumTask'; Investigate what “static” and “final” mean.",
        "Solution": ""
    },
    "7": {
        "Task": "More challenging: write an interface and modify the SumTask, StringTask and ProdTask classes so that they implement this interface. Here’s an example interface:",
        "Solution": "" 
    }

在实践过程中试图弄清这一点之后（而不是实际进行实践），这是我得到的最接近的结果：

 
%s/\([1-9][1-9]*\)\. \(\_.\{-}\)--end--/"\1": {\r "Task": "\2",\r"Solution": "" \r},/g

这三个问题是

1. 我必须在每个问题的末尾加上--end--。 我想通过向前看以[1-9] [1-9] *开头的一行来知道问题何时结束。 不幸的是，当我搜索它时，它也替换了该部分。
2. 这会将所有新行保留在问题内（在JSON中无效）。 我希望它删除新行。
3. 最后一个条目在输入后不应包含“，”，因为这也将是无效的JSON（请注意，我不太介意，因为很容易手动删除最后一个“，”）

请记住，我对正则表达式非常不好，我这样做的原因之一是要了解更多关于正则表达式的信息，因此请解释一下您发布的任何正则表达式作为解决方案。

Answer 1

分两步：

%s/\n/\ /g

解决问题2，然后：

%s/\([1-9][1-9]*\)\. \(\_.\{-}\([1-9][1-9]*\. \|\%$\)\@=\)/"\1": {\r "Task": "\2",\r"Solution": "" \r},\r/g

解决问题1.您可以用另一轮替换解决问题3。 另外，我的解决方案在任务条目的末尾插入了多余的额​​外空间。 尝试自己删除它。

我添加的内容的简短说明：

\\| ： 要么;

\\%$ ：文件结尾；

\\@= ：查找但不包含在匹配项中。

Answer 2

如果每个项目都位于单行中，我将使用宏转换文本，它比:s更短，更直接：

I"<esc>f.s": {<enter>"Task": "<esc>A"<enter>"Solution": ""<enter>},<esc>+

将该宏记录在寄存器中，例如q ，然后可以像100@q一样重播以进行转换。

注意

• 结果将留下一个逗号,最后将其删除。
• 您还可以在宏录制期间添加缩进，然后json将被“漂亮地打印”。 或者，您可以稍后使用其他工具使其变得性感。

Answer 3

您可以使用一个大的正则表达式来执行此操作，但是很快就变得难以维护。 我将任务分为三个步骤：

1. 将每个编号的步骤分成单独的段落。
2. 将每个段落放在自己的行上。
3. 生成JSON。

合计：

%s/^[0-9]\+\./\r&/
%s/\(\S\)\n\(\S\)/\1 \2/
%s/^\([0-9]\+\)\. *\(.*\)/"\1": {\r    "Task": "\2",\r    "Solution": ""\r},/

该解决方案还在最后一个元素之后留下逗号。 可以使用以下方法删除它：

$s/,//

说明

• %s/^[0-9]\\+\\./\\r&/匹配以数字开头和后跟点的行，例如1.，8、13、131等，并用换行符替换（ \\r ），然后是匹配项（ & ）。
• %s/\\(\\S\\)\\n\\(\\S\\)/\\1 \\2/会删除所有以非空格字符（ \\S ）为后缀的换行符。
• %s/^\\([0-9]\\+\\)\\. *\\(.*\\) ... %s/^\\([0-9]\\+\\)\\. *\\(.*\\) ...捕获\\1和\\2的数字和文本。
• ... /"\\1": {\\r "Task": "\\2",\\r "Solution": ""\\r},/适当地设置文本格式。

使用sed，awk和jq的替代方法

您可以使用sed和awk从上面直接执行步骤一和步骤二：

1. sed 's/^[0-9]\\+\\./\\n&/' infile
2. awk '$1=$1; { print "\\n" }' RS= ORS=' '

在第三步中使用jq确保输出是有效的JSON：

3. jq -R 'match("([0-9]+). *(.*)") | .captures | {(.[0].string): { "Task": (.[1].string), "Solution": "" } }'

这里是一个命令行：

sed 's/^[0-9]\+\./\n&/' infile            |
awk '$1=$1; { print "\n" }' RS= ORS=' '   |
jq -R 'match("([0-9]+). *(.*)") | .captures | {(.[0].string): { "Task": (.[1].string), "Solution": "" } }'