如何在Swift中编码Codables字典？
How to encode a dictionary of Codables in Swift?

作为一般约束， Codable和Any是不可编码的。 使用结构而不是字典：

struct A: Codable {
    let a = 0
}
struct B: Codable {
    let b = "hi"
}
struct C: Codable {
    let a: A
    let b: B
}

let d = C(a: A(), b: B())
let data = try JSONEncoder().encode(d)

UserDefaults有一种保存[String：Any]字典的方法：

let myDictionary: [String: Any] = ["a": "one", "b": 2]
UserDefaults.standard.set(myDictionary, forKey: "key")
let retrievedDictionary: [String: Any] = UserDefaults.standard.dictionary(forKey: "key")!
print(retrievedDictionary)      // prints ["a": one, "b": 2]

但是，如果字典是要保存到UserDefaults的对象的属性，则需要为该对象实现Codable协议。 我知道的最简单的方法是使用JSONSerialization将字典转换为Data对象。 以下代码对我有用：

class MyObject: Codable {

    let dictionary: [String: Any]

    init(dictionary: [String: Any]) {
        self.dictionary = dictionary
    }

    enum CodingKeys: String, CodingKey {
        case dictionary
    }

    public required init(from decoder: Decoder) throws {
        let values = try decoder.container(keyedBy: CodingKeys.self)
        if values.contains(.dictionary), let jsonData = try? values.decode(Data.self, forKey: .dictionary) {
            dictionary = (try? JSONSerialization.jsonObject(with: jsonData) as? [String: Any]) ??  [String: Any]()
        } else {
            dictionary = [String: Any]()
        }
    }

    public func encode(to encoder: Encoder) throws {
        var container = encoder.container(keyedBy: CodingKeys.self)
        if !dictionary.isEmpty, let jsonData = try? JSONSerialization.data(withJSONObject: dictionary) {
            try container.encode(jsonData, forKey: .dictionary)
        }
    }
}

要从UserDefaults保存和检索MyObject ，可以执行以下操作：

extension UserDefaults {

    func set(_ value: MyObject, forKey defaultName: String) {
        guard let data = try? PropertyListEncoder().encode(value) else { return }
        set(data, forKey: defaultName)
    }

    func myObject(forKey defaultName: String) -> MyObject? {
        guard let data = data(forKey: defaultName) else { return nil }
        return try? PropertyListDecoder().decode(MyObject.self, from: data)
    }
}