无法在 docker mysql 容器中安装 mysqlclient

Question

我在 Docker conatiner hat 中安装mysqlclient时遇到了一些问题，该帽子是由 mysql 优化的 Docker 图像 ( mysql/mysql-server ) 制作的。 该容器在 Oracle Linux Sysrem (CentOS) 上运行。

错误看起来像这样

Installing collected packages: mysqlclient, raven, redis, xmltodict, responses
  Running setup.py install for mysqlclient ... error
    Complete output from command /tracking_api/tracking/bin/python3.6 -u -c "import setuptools, tokenize;__file__='/tmp/pip-install-z_jafqw3/mysqlclient/setup.py';f=getattr(tokenize, 'open', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('\r\n', '\n');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, 'exec'))" install --record /tmp/pip-record-vqelrf7r/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile --install-headers /tracking_api/tracking/include/site/python3.6/mysqlclient:
    running install
    running build
    running build_py
    creating build
    creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6
    copying _mysql_exceptions.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6
    creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/MySQLdb
    copying MySQLdb/__init__.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/MySQLdb
    copying MySQLdb/compat.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/MySQLdb
    copying MySQLdb/connections.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/MySQLdb
    copying MySQLdb/converters.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/MySQLdb
    copying MySQLdb/cursors.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/MySQLdb
    copying MySQLdb/release.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/MySQLdb
    copying MySQLdb/times.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/MySQLdb
    creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/MySQLdb/constants
    copying MySQLdb/constants/__init__.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/MySQLdb/constants
    copying MySQLdb/constants/CLIENT.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/MySQLdb/constants
    copying MySQLdb/constants/CR.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/MySQLdb/constants
    copying MySQLdb/constants/ER.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/MySQLdb/constants
    copying MySQLdb/constants/FIELD_TYPE.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/MySQLdb/constants
    copying MySQLdb/constants/FLAG.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/MySQLdb/constants
    copying MySQLdb/constants/REFRESH.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/MySQLdb/constants
    running build_ext
    building '_mysql' extension
    creating build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.6
    gcc -pthread -Wno-unused-result -Wsign-compare -DDYNAMIC_ANNOTATIONS_ENABLED=1 -DNDEBUG -O2 -g -pipe -Wall -Wp,-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fexceptions -fstack-protector-strong --param=ssp-buffer-size=4 -grecord-gcc-switches -m64 -mtune=generic -D_GNU_SOURCE -fPIC -fwrapv -fPIC -Dversion_info=(1,3,12,'final',0) -D__version__=1.3.12 -I/usr/include/mysql -I/tracking_api/tracking/include -I/usr/include/python3.6m -c _mysql.c -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.6/_mysql.o -m64
    unable to execute 'gcc': No such file or directory
    error: command 'gcc' failed with exit status 1

    ----------------------------------------
Command "/tracking_api/tracking/bin/python3.6 -u -c "import setuptools, tokenize;__file__='/tmp/pip-install-z_jafqw3/mysqlclient/setup.py';f=getattr(tokenize, 'open', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('\r\n', '\n');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, 'exec'))" install --record /tmp/pip-record-vqelrf7r/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile --install-headers /tracking_api/tracking/include/site/python3.6/mysqlclient" failed with error code 1 in /tmp/pip-install-z_jafqw3/mysqlclient/

我注意到这个问题是因为容器中没有gcc引起的。 使用yum install gcc gcc ，我收到另一个错误，如下所示

Installing collected packages: mysqlclient, raven, redis, xmltodict, responses
  Running setup.py install for mysqlclient ... error
    Complete output from command /tracking_api/tracking/bin/python3.6 -u -c "import setuptools, tokenize;__file__='/tmp/pip-install-90ek02_q/mysqlclient/setup.py';f=getattr(tokenize, 'open', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('\r\n', '\n');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, 'exec'))" install --record /tmp/pip-record-rdg1c3go/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile --install-headers /tracking_api/tracking/include/site/python3.6/mysqlclient:
    running install
    running build
    running build_py
    creating build
    creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6
    copying _mysql_exceptions.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6
    creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/MySQLdb
    copying MySQLdb/__init__.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/MySQLdb
    copying MySQLdb/compat.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/MySQLdb
    copying MySQLdb/connections.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/MySQLdb
    copying MySQLdb/converters.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/MySQLdb
    copying MySQLdb/cursors.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/MySQLdb
    copying MySQLdb/release.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/MySQLdb
    copying MySQLdb/times.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/MySQLdb
    creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/MySQLdb/constants
    copying MySQLdb/constants/__init__.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/MySQLdb/constants
    copying MySQLdb/constants/CLIENT.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/MySQLdb/constants
    copying MySQLdb/constants/CR.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/MySQLdb/constants
    copying MySQLdb/constants/ER.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/MySQLdb/constants
    copying MySQLdb/constants/FIELD_TYPE.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/MySQLdb/constants
    copying MySQLdb/constants/FLAG.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/MySQLdb/constants
    copying MySQLdb/constants/REFRESH.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/MySQLdb/constants
    running build_ext
    building '_mysql' extension
    creating build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.6
    gcc -pthread -Wno-unused-result -Wsign-compare -DDYNAMIC_ANNOTATIONS_ENABLED=1 -DNDEBUG -O2 -g -pipe -Wall -Wp,-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fexceptions -fstack-protector-strong --param=ssp-buffer-size=4 -grecord-gcc-switches -m64 -mtune=generic -D_GNU_SOURCE -fPIC -fwrapv -fPIC -Dversion_info=(1,3,12,'final',0) -D__version__=1.3.12 -I/usr/include/mysql -I/tracking_api/tracking/include -I/usr/include/python3.6m -c _mysql.c -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.6/_mysql.o -m64
    _mysql.c:29:19: fatal error: mysql.h: No such file or directory
     #include "mysql.h"
                       ^
    compilation terminated.
    error: command 'gcc' failed with exit status 1

    ----------------------------------------
Command "/tracking_api/tracking/bin/python3.6 -u -c "import setuptools, tokenize;__file__='/tmp/pip-install-90ek02_q/mysqlclient/setup.py';f=getattr(tokenize, 'open', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('\r\n', '\n');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, 'exec'))" install --record /tmp/pip-record-rdg1c3go/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile --install-headers /tracking_api/tracking/include/site/python3.6/mysqlclient" failed with error code 1 in /tmp/pip-install-90ek02_q/mysqlclient/

我意识到这是由于mysql.h不存在造成的。 我在这个问题中发现，我可以检查文件是否存在。 但是， /use/local/目录下好像没有mysql文件夹。

这就是造成我困惑的原因。 有谁知道为什么会这样？ 当 docker 图像本身是 mysql 优化时，为什么没有mysql.h文件？ 提前致谢。

Answer 1

您需要安装mysql-community-devel ， mysql.h在此软件包中。

注意：首先需要卸载mysql-community-server-minimal ，并在mysqlclient安装完成后重新安装它。 否则，您将遇到以下冲突：

事务检查错误：安装mysql-community-devel-8.0.13-1.el7.x86_64中的文件/ usr / bin / mysql_config与软件包mysql-community-server-minimal-8.0.13-1.el7中的文件冲突。 x86_64的

步骤如下：（省略pip安装）

yum remove -y mysql-community-server-minimal
yum install -y gcc
yum install -y mysql-community-devel
pip install mysqlclient
yum remove -y mysql-community-devel
yum install -y mysql-community-server-minimal

mysqlclient install的输出：

# pip install mysqlclient
Collecting mysqlclient
  Using cached https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/ec/fd/83329b9d3e14f7344d1cb31f128e6dbba70c5975c9e57896815dbb1988ad/mysqlclient-1.3.13.tar.gz
Installing collected packages: mysqlclient
  Running setup.py install for mysqlclient ... done
Successfully installed mysqlclient-1.3.13
You are using pip version 8.1.2, however version 18.1 is available.
You should consider upgrading via the 'pip install --upgrade pip' command.

最后，您的最后一个问题：

当docker镜像本身经过mysql优化时，为什么没有mysql.h文件

从dockerhub，您可以在这里找到mysql/mysqlserver dockerfile的链接：

FROM oraclelinux:7-slim

ARG MYSQL_SERVER_PACKAGE=mysql-community-server-minimal-8.0.13
ARG MYSQL_SHELL_PACKAGE=mysql-shell-8.0.13

# Install server
RUN yum install -y https://repo.mysql.com/mysql-community-minimal-release-el7.rpm \
      https://repo.mysql.com/mysql-community-release-el7.rpm \
  && yum-config-manager --enable mysql80-server-minimal \
  && yum install -y \
      $MYSQL_SERVER_PACKAGE \
      $MYSQL_SHELL_PACKAGE \
      libpwquality \
  && yum clean all \
  && mkdir /docker-entrypoint-initdb.d

VOLUME /var/lib/mysql

COPY docker-entrypoint.sh /entrypoint.sh
COPY healthcheck.sh /healthcheck.sh
ENTRYPOINT ["/entrypoint.sh"]
HEALTHCHECK CMD /healthcheck.sh
EXPOSE 3306 33060
CMD ["mysqld"]

从上面可以看到，它仅使用预构建的mysql服务器软件包 ，没有编译mysql服务器的源代码，因此不需要mysql.h ，仅在进行源代码构建时使用。

但是，当您使用pip安装mysqlclient时，由于mysqlclient python软件包具有C extension依赖关系，因此它将必须使用gcc进行构建，然后它需要mysql.h ，这给您带来麻烦。 安装mysql.h ，一切正常。

Answer 2

你可以简单地做

    yum install -y --downloadonly --downloaddir=manual-install mysql-devel  && \
    rpm -i --force manual-install/*.rpm

这会在不安装的情况下下载 mysql-devel 包，然后直接使用 rpm 命令进行安装，这允许强制安装

想知道为什么 yum 和 microdnf 都有 --force 参数