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使用标点符号修改Java字符串中单词的字符,但保留所述标点符号的位置?

[英]Modify the characters of words in a Java string with punctuation, but keep the positions of said punctuation?

例如,取以下String列表,忽略引号:

"Hello"
"Hello!"
"I'm saying Hello!"
"I haven't said hello yet, but I will."

现在让我们说我想对每个单词的字符执行某个操作 - 例如,说我想要反转字符, 保留标点符号的位置。 结果将是:

"olleH"
"olleH!"
"m'I gniyas olleH!"
"I tneva'h dias olleh tey, tub I lliw."

理想情况下,我希望我的代码独立于对字符串执行的操作 (另一个例子是随机抽样的字母),并且独立于所有标点 - 所以连字符,撇号,逗号,句号,en / em破折号,在执行操作之后, 所有这些都保持在其原始位置。 这可能需要某种形式的正则表达式。

为此,我想我应该保存给定单词中所有标点符号的索引和字符,执行操作,然后将所有标点符号重新插入到正确的位置。 但是,我想不出一种方法可以做到这一点,或者使用一个类。

我有第一次尝试,但不幸的是这不适用于标点符号,这是关键:

jshell> String str = "I haven't said hello yet, but I will."
str ==> "I haven't said hello yet, but I will."

jshell> Arrays.stream(str.split("\\s+")).map(x -> (new StringBuilder(x)).reverse().toString()).reduce((x, y) -> x + " " + y).get()
$2 ==> "I t'nevah dias olleh ,tey tub I .lliw"

有谁知道我怎么解决这个问题? 非常感谢。 不需要完整的工作代码 - 可能只是我可以用来执行此操作的适当类的路标。

不需要为此使用正则表达式,你当然不应该使用split("\\\\s+") ,因为你会丢失连续的空格,并且空白字符的类型,即结果的空格可能是不正确的。

您也不应该使用charAt()或类似的东西,因为它不支持Unicode Supplemental Planes中的字母,即存储在Java字符串中作为代理对的Unicode字符。

基本逻辑:

  • 找到单词的开头,即字符串的开头或空白后的第一个字符。
  • 找到单词的结尾,即在空格或字符串结尾之前的最后一个字符。
  • 从开始和结束并行迭代:
    • 跳过不是字母的字符。
    • 交换字母。

作为Java代码,具有完整的Unicode支持:

public static String reverseLettersOfWords(String input) {
    int[] codePoints = input.codePoints().toArray();
    for (int i = 0, start = 0; i <= codePoints.length; i++) {
        if (i == codePoints.length || Character.isWhitespace(codePoints[i])) {
            for (int end = i - 1; ; start++, end--) {
                while (start < end && ! Character.isLetter(codePoints[start]))
                    start++;
                while (start < end && ! Character.isLetter(codePoints[end]))
                    end--;
                if (start >= end)
                    break;
                int tmp = codePoints[start];
                codePoints[start] = codePoints[end];
                codePoints[end] = tmp;
            }
            start = i + 1;
        }
    }
    return new String(codePoints, 0, codePoints.length);
}

测试

System.out.println(reverseLettersOfWords("Hello"));
System.out.println(reverseLettersOfWords("Hello!"));
System.out.println(reverseLettersOfWords("I'm saying Hello!"));
System.out.println(reverseLettersOfWords("I haven't said hello yet, but I will."));
System.out.println(reverseLettersOfWords("Works with surrogate pairs: 𝓐𝓑𝓒+𝓓 "));

产量

olleH
olleH!
m'I gniyas olleH!
I tneva'h dias olleh tey, tub I lliw.
skroW htiw etagorrus sriap: 𝓓𝓒𝓑+𝓐 

请注意,在端部的特殊字母所示的第一4 这里在列“脚本(或书法)”,“黑体”,例如𝓐是Unicode字符的数学BOLD SCRIPT CAPITAL A'(U + 1D4D0) ,其在Java中是两个字符"\?\?"


UPDATE

上述实现被优化用于反转单词的字母。 要应用任意操作来修改单词的字母,请使用以下实现:

public static String mangleLettersOfWords(String input) {
    int[] codePoints = input.codePoints().toArray();
    for (int i = 0, start = 0; i <= codePoints.length; i++) {
        if (i == codePoints.length || Character.isWhitespace(codePoints[i])) {
            int wordCodePointLen = 0;
            for (int j = start; j < i; j++)
                if (Character.isLetter(codePoints[j]))
                    wordCodePointLen++;
            if (wordCodePointLen != 0) {
                int[] wordCodePoints = new int[wordCodePointLen];
                for (int j = start, k = 0; j < i; j++)
                    if (Character.isLetter(codePoints[j]))
                        wordCodePoints[k++] = codePoints[j];
                int[] mangledCodePoints = mangleWord(wordCodePoints.clone());
                if (mangledCodePoints.length != wordCodePointLen)
                    throw new IllegalStateException("Mangled word is wrong length: '" + new String(wordCodePoints, 0, wordCodePoints.length) + "' (" + wordCodePointLen + " code points)" +
                                                                " vs mangled '" + new String(mangledCodePoints, 0, mangledCodePoints.length) + "' (" + mangledCodePoints.length + " code points)");
                for (int j = start, k = 0; j < i; j++)
                    if (Character.isLetter(codePoints[j]))
                        codePoints[j] = mangledCodePoints[k++];
            }
            start = i + 1;
        }
    }
    return new String(codePoints, 0, codePoints.length);
}
private static int[] mangleWord(int[] codePoints) {
    return mangleWord(new String(codePoints, 0, codePoints.length)).codePoints().toArray();
}
private static CharSequence mangleWord(String word) {
    return new StringBuilder(word).reverse();
}

您当然可以通过调用传入的Function<int[], int[]>Function<String, ? extends CharSequence>来替换对mangleWord方法的硬编码调用Function<String, ? extends CharSequence> 如果需要, Function<String, ? extends CharSequence>参数。

mangleWord方法的实现结果与原始实现相同,但您现在可以轻松实现不同的修改算法。

例如,随机化字母,只需将codePoints数组洗牌

private static int[] mangleWord(int[] codePoints) {
    Random rnd = new Random();
    for (int i = codePoints.length - 1; i > 0; i--) {
        int j = rnd.nextInt(i + 1);
        int tmp = codePoints[j];
        codePoints[j] = codePoints[i];
        codePoints[i] = tmp;
    }
    return codePoints;
}

样本输出

Hlelo
Hlleo!
m'I nsayig oHlel!
I athen'v siad eohll yte, btu I illw.
srWok twih rueoatrsg rpasi: 𝓑𝓒𝓐+𝓓

我怀疑有一个更有效的解决方案,但这是一个天真的:

  1. 将句子分成空格上的单词(注意 - 如果你有多个空格我的实现会有问题)
  2. 剥去标点符号
  3. 颠倒每个单词
  4. 浏览每个字母,并从反转的单词中插入字符,必要时从原始单词插入标点符号
public class Reverser {

    public String reverseSentence(String sentence) {
        String[] words = sentence.split(" ");
        return Arrays.stream(words).map(this::reverseWord).collect(Collectors.joining(" "));
    }

    private String reverseWord(String word) {
        String noPunctuation = word.replaceAll("\\W", "");
        String reversed = new StringBuilder(noPunctuation).reverse().toString();
        StringBuilder result = new StringBuilder();
        for (int i = 0; i < word.length(); ++i) {
            char ch = word.charAt(i);
            if (!Character.isAlphabetic(ch) && !Character.isDigit(ch)) {
                result.append(ch);
            }
            if (i < reversed.length()) {
                result.append(reversed.charAt(i));
            }
        }
        return result.toString();
    }
}

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