keras从vgg16删除图层以使其更小（VGG13）

Question

我首先训练了一个小型网络，如下所示：

model = models.Sequential()
model.add(layers.Conv2D(32, (3, 3), activation='relu', kernel_initializer='he_uniform', input_shape=(256, 256, 3)))
model.add(layers.MaxPooling2D((2, 2)))
model.add(Dropout(0.2))
model.add(layers.Conv2D(64, (3, 3), activation='relu', kernel_initializer='he_uniform'))
model.add(layers.MaxPooling2D((2, 2)))
model.add(Dropout(0.2))
model.add(layers.Conv2D(128, (3, 3), activation='relu', kernel_initializer='he_uniform'))
model.add(layers.MaxPooling2D((2, 2)))
model.add(Dropout(0.2))
model.add(layers.Conv2D(128, (3, 3), activation='relu', kernel_initializer='he_uniform'))
model.add(layers.MaxPooling2D((2, 2)))
model.add(Dropout(0.2))
model.add(layers.Flatten())
model.add(layers.Dropout(0.5))  #Dropout for regularization
model.add(layers.Dense(512, activation='relu'))
model.add(layers.Dense(1, activation='sigmoid'))  #Sigmoid function at the end because we have just two classes

表现出大约70-75％的准确度，没有过度拟合的问题。

然后，我决定在Imagenet上训练具有预训练权重的VGG16，在其中冻结所有转换层-但一个冻结-然后添加两个fc层，然后对其进行训练。

我尝试使用Adam优化器优化模型（即使设置了小的学习率，性能也会更差吗？）我使用ReduceLROnPlateau和EarlyStopping，并且我的网络的准确度大约为80-82％，但是它过大了（val损失正在增加，并且在那里是训练和验证准确性之间的巨大差距）

网络如下：

epochs = 50
callbacks = []
decay = 0.0

earlyStopping = EarlyStopping(monitor='val_loss', patience=10, verbose=0, mode='min')
mcp_save = ModelCheckpoint('.mdl_wts.hdf5', save_best_only=True, monitor='val_loss', mode='min')
reduce_lr_loss = ReduceLROnPlateau(monitor='val_loss', factor=0.1, patience=3, verbose=1, epsilon=1e-5, mode='min')


# build the VGG16 network
base_model = applications.VGG16(weights='imagenet', include_top=False, input_shape=(224, 224, 3))
print('Model loaded.')


for layer in base_model.layers[:15]:
    layer.trainable = False

#for layer in base_model.layers:
#    layer.trainable = False

# add new classifier layers
flat1 = Flatten()(base_model.layers[-1].output)
class1 = Dense(128, kernel_regularizer=l2(0.01), bias_regularizer=l2(0.01), activation='relu', kernel_initializer='he_uniform')(flat1)
output = Dense(1, kernel_regularizer=l2(0.01), bias_regularizer=l2(0.01), activation='sigmoid')(class1)
# define new model
base_model = Model(inputs=base_model.inputs, outputs=output)

base_model.compile(loss='binary_crossentropy',
                   optimizer=optimizers.Adam(lr=1e-4, decay=decay),
              metrics=['accuracy'])

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from keras.preprocessing.image import ImageDataGenerator
import os

os.environ["CUDA_VISIBLE_DEVICES"]="0"

train_dir = '/home/d/Desktop/s/data/train'
eval_dir = '/home/d/Desktop/s/data/eval'
test_dir = '/home/d/Desktop/s/data/test'


# create a data generator
train_datagen = ImageDataGenerator(rescale=1./255,   #Scale the image between 0 and 1
                                    rotation_range=40,
                                    width_shift_range=0.2,
                                    height_shift_range=0.2,
                                    shear_range=0.2,
                                    zoom_range=0.2,
                                    horizontal_flip=True,)

val_datagen = ImageDataGenerator(rescale=1./255)  #We do not augment validation data. we only perform rescale

test_datagen = ImageDataGenerator(rescale=1./255)  #We do not augment validation data. we only perform rescale

# load and iterate training dataset
train_generator = train_datagen.flow_from_directory(train_dir,  target_size=(224,224),class_mode='binary', batch_size=16, shuffle='True', seed=42)
# load and iterate validation dataset
val_generator = val_datagen.flow_from_directory(eval_dir,  target_size=(224,224),class_mode='binary', batch_size=16, shuffle='True', seed=42)
# load and iterate test dataset
test_generator = test_datagen.flow_from_directory(test_dir,  target_size=(224,224), class_mode=None, batch_size=1, shuffle='False', seed=42)

#The training part
#We train for 64 epochs with about 100 steps per epoch
history = base_model.fit_generator(train_generator,
                              steps_per_epoch=train_generator.n // train_generator.batch_size,
                              epochs=epochs,
                              validation_data=val_generator,
                              validation_steps=val_generator.n // val_generator.batch_size,
                              callbacks=[earlyStopping, mcp_save, reduce_lr_loss])

我的数据集很小，与Imagenet有很大不同，我做了很多图像增强。

因此，我唯一能想到的是VGG16网络对于我的数据集而言过于复杂。 我想使用较小的网络，但将预训练的权重转移到初始图层，如何删除VGG16上的图层，以便拥有较小的网络，例如VGG13？ （据我所知layer.pop不会删除这些图层，所以我将其排除在外）