如何使用在一个 function 中声明的局部变量并将其实现到另一个 function？ （没有全局变量或调用函数）

Question

import socket, sys

def create_socket(): # Creates a socket which connects two or more computers together
    host = ""
    port = 9999
    socket_ = socket.socket()
    try:
        host
        port
        socket_
        
    except socket.error as msg:
        print("Socket Creation Error: " + str(msg))

    return host, port, socket_


def bind_Socket(): # Binds the Socket and listening for connections

    host, port, socket_ = create_socket()
    try:
        host
        port
        socket_
        print("Binding the Socket: " + str(port))
        
        socket_.bind((host, port))
        socket_.listen(5)
        
    except socket.error as msg:
        print("Socket Creation Error: " + str(msg) + "Retrying....")
        bind_Socket()
    return host, port, socket_



def socket_accept(): # Establishes a connection with a client (socket must be listening)
    host, port, socket_ = bind_Socket()
    conn, address = socket_.accept()
    send_command(conn)
    print("Connection successful... " + "IP: " + address[0] + "\n" + "Port: " + address[1])

def send_command(conn): # Sends command to client
    host, port, socket_ = bind_Socket()
    cmd = ""
    while (cmd != "Quit"):
        cmd = input("Enter a command: ")
        if(len(str.encode(cmd)) > 0):
            conn.send(str.encode(cmd))
            client_response = str(conn.recv(1024,"UTF-8"))
            print(client_response, end="")
    else:
        conn.close()
        socket_.close()
        sys.exit()
    
        
def main():
    create_socket()
    bind_Socket()
    socket_accept()
main()

问题是当我在main() () 中调用bind_Socket()时，它会打印两次“Binding the Socket: 9999” ，因为它也在 function socket_accept()中被调用。 我只想知道如何使用在一个 function 中声明的相同变量并在另一个中实现它而不使用全局变量或像我一样调用 function。

Answer 1

函数可以返回对象以供其他函数使用，如 arguments。

像这样设置主要：

def main():
    _, _, socket_ = bind_Socket()
    socket_accept(socket_)

然后更新_accept以接受 args：

def socket_accept(socket_): 
    conn, address = socket_.accept()
    ....

从而将套接字 object 传递给接受方法。