无法在 MSVC 19.28 上编译变体访问者访问

Question

我尝试在 Visual Studio 2019 上编译一个个人项目（使用MSVC 19.28编译器），但在std::visit中遇到了一个我不明白的编译错误：

<source>(131): error C2653: '`global namespace'': is not a class or namespace name
C:/data/msvc/14.28.29914/include\type_traits(1493): note: see reference to function template instantiation 'auto CommandLineOptionsParser<CmdLineOpts>::register_callback::<lambda_1>::()::<lambda_1>::operator ()<const _First&>(_T1) const' being compiled
        with
        [
            _First=bool CmdLineOpts::* ,
            _T1=bool CmdLineOpts::* const &
        ]
C:/data/msvc/14.28.29914/include\variant(1654): note: see reference to alias template instantiation 'std::_Variant_visit_result_t<CommandLineOptionsParser<CmdLineOpts>::register_callback::<lambda_1>::()::<lambda_1>,const std::variant<bool CmdLineOpts::* >&>' being compiled
<source>(120): note: while compiling class template member function 'void CommandLineOptionsParser<CmdLineOpts>::register_callback(const CommandLineOption &,std::variant<bool CmdLineOpts::* >)'
<source>(83): note: see reference to function template instantiation 'void CommandLineOptionsParser<CmdLineOpts>::register_callback(const CommandLineOption &,std::variant<bool CmdLineOpts::* >)' being compiled
<source>(142): note: see reference to class template instantiation 'CommandLineOptionsParser<CmdLineOpts>' being compiled
<source>(123): error C2672: 'visit': no matching overloaded function found
<source>(131): error C2893: Failed to specialize function template 'unknown-type std::visit(_Callable &&,_Variants &&...)'
C:/data/msvc/14.28.29914/include\variant(1654): note: see declaration of 'std::visit'
<source>(131): note: With the following template arguments:
<source>(131): note: '_Callable=CommandLineOptionsParser<CmdLineOpts>::register_callback::<lambda_1>::()::<lambda_1>'
<source>(131): note: '_Variants={const std::variant<bool CmdLineOpts::* > &}'
<source>(131): note: '<unnamed-symbol>=void'
Compiler returned: 2

此代码与 gcc 编译良好。

我在std::visit上测试了cppreference的代码片段，它使用 MSVC 编译，所以我不太确定这里有什么问题。

我简化了代码并在godbolt上重现了这个问题

这是代码

#include <algorithm>
#include <functional>
#include <iostream>
#include <map>
#include <memory>
#include <sstream>
#include <string>
#include <set>
#include <string_view>
#include <variant>
#include <type_traits>

using InvalidArgumentException = std::invalid_argument;
using CommandLineOption = std::string;

template <class Opts>
class CommandLineOptionsParser : Opts {
 public:
  using OptionType = std::variant<bool Opts::*>;
  using CommandLineOptionWithValue = std::pair<CommandLineOption, OptionType>;

  Opts parse(const char* argStr) {
    // First register the callbacks
    bool Opts::* pBool = &Opts::help;
    register_callback("help", pBool);

    for (auto& cbk : _callbacks) {
      cbk.second(0, argStr);
    }

    return static_cast<Opts>(*this);
  }

 private:
  using callback_t = std::function<void(int, const char *)>;

  std::map<CommandLineOption, callback_t> _callbacks;

  void register_callback(const CommandLineOption& commandLineOption, OptionType prop) {
    _callbacks[commandLineOption] = [this, &commandLineOption, prop](int idx, const char * argv) {
      if (std::string(argv) == commandLineOption) {
        std::visit([](auto&& a)  {
              using T = std::decay_t<decltype(a)>;
              if constexpr (std::is_same_v<T, bool Opts::*>) {
                std::cout << "bool" << std::endl;
              }
            },
            prop);
      }
    };
  };
};

struct CmdLineOpts {
  bool help{};
};

int main(int argc, const char* argv[])
{
    CommandLineOptionsParser<CmdLineOpts> p;
    CmdLineOpts cmdLineOptions = p.parse("opt1");    
}

Answer 1

似乎 MSVC 难以在模板上下文中使用指向成员参数的指针来合成 lambda。

我试图将其简化为 MCVE，希望它能抓住问题的本质：

template<class T>
bool test(int T::* t) {
    return [](int T::* x) {
        return true;
    }(t);
}

struct A {
    int a;
};

int main() {
    return test<A>(&A::a);
}

它无法在 MSVC C++20 模式（但不是 C++17）下编译，并出现类似的荒谬错误（链接）：

<source>(5): error C2653: '`global namespace'': is not a class or namespace name
<source>(13): note: see reference to function template instantiation 'bool test<A>(int A::* )' being compiled
<source>(5): error C2664: 'bool test::<lambda_1>::operator ()(A *) const': cannot convert argument 1 from 'int A::* ' to 'A *'
<source>(5): note: There is no context in which this conversion is possible
<source>(5): note: see declaration of 'test::<lambda_1>::operator ()'

我建议将此情况报告给供应商。

作为一种潜在的解决方法，可以尝试使用模板化的operator()将 lambda 提取到仿函数 class 中，它似乎可以编译（示例）。