Python 变量在每个循环上都在更新，即使我在循环外对其进行了初始化

Question

在 python 中开发一个小辐射迷你游戏...

我有一个名为 level_up 的 function 允许玩家分配技能点。

玩家的当前统计数据存储为玩家 class 的属性。

我在 level_up function 中创建了一个变量，该变量复制了玩家当前的统计数据，以便在练级循环运行时进行比较。 我这样做是为了让玩家无法将统计值编辑为小于升级发生时的值。

我在 function 的主循环之外初始化了这个变量，以便让它保持不变，但是当玩家对其统计数据进行编辑时，这个变量（原始值）似乎用新值更新，而不是停留在这些值是发生升级时的值。

示例（Billy 升级时的 Small Guns 技能为 15。original_values 应该存储 15 是原始值。Billy 为 Small Guns 添加 5 点，使其变为 20。他决定要将 go 恢复到 15。应该从原始值开始value 是 15，但 original_values 现在的 Small Guns 是 20，所以不会发生这种变化）。

我认为在循环外初始化 original_values 是我需要做的。 这是否与我正在更新 class 属性的事实有关？

谁能告诉我我做错了什么？ 谢谢你。

Function

def level_up(self):
        """Formula true to FO1 and FO2"""
        self.lvl += 1

        # flooring the result may not be true to the original game, but am doing for simplicity's sake
        self.hp += math.floor((self.special['end']/2)) + 2
        
        # create skill points to spend
        points = self.skill_rate
        
        # end loop condition
        confirm = False

        # create variables for the original stat values before level up
        original_values = self.combat_skills

        # needs to allow for editing only current changes, cannot go lower than previous values
        while points != 0 and confirm == False:
            print(f'\nSkill Points: {points}')
            for skill, value in self.combat_skills.items():
                print(f'{skill}: {value}')
            
            # get stat to edit
            while True:
                stat_to_edit = input('STAT TO EDIT (ex. small guns) or DONE to confirm: ').lower()
                if stat_to_edit in self.combat_skills.keys():
                    break
                elif stat_to_edit == 'done':
                    if points != 0:
                        print('Must use all skill points before confirming!')
                        continue
                    else:
                        confirm = True
                        break
                else: print('Invalid Entry')
                continue
            
            # get new value


            while True:
                try:
                    new_value = int(input(f'NEW {stat_to_edit.upper()} VALUE: '))
                except ValueError:
                    print('Value must be numerical (ex. 12)')
                    continue
                # make variable for the difference
                change = new_value - self.combat_skills[stat_to_edit]
                # check new value, make sure its not less than original stat value and there are enough points available
                if new_value < original_values[stat_to_edit]:
                    print(f'Cannot reduce stat past original value ({original_values[stat_to_edit]})')
                    continue
                # check points available against the change between current value and new value, not original value
                if change <= points:
                    # change is valid, set new stat value and subtract points from points bank. (negative change values will increase points)
                    self.combat_skills[stat_to_edit] = new_value
                    points -= change
                    break
                else:
                    print(f'Not enough skill points for this change! You need {change}.')
                    continue

Class

class Player_Character:
    """Represents the player character and all associated stats and possessions. Formulas true to FO1 and FO2"""
    def __init__(self, name, lvl, special):
        self.name = name
        self.lvl = lvl
        self.special = special
        self.hp = 15 + self.special['str'] + (2 * self.special['end'])
        self.ap = 5 + math.floor(self.special['agl']/2)
        self.seq = 2 * self.special['per']
        self.ac = self.special['agl']
        self.carry_weight = 25 + (self.special['str'] * 25)
        self.skill_rate = (self.special['int'] * 2) + 5
        self.weapon = None
        self.armor = None

        # combat skills
        self.small_guns = 35 + self.special['agl']
        self.big_guns = 10 + self.special['agl']
        self.energy_weapons = 10 + self.special['agl']
        # dictionary for use in game and in functions
        self.combat_skills = {'small guns': self.small_guns, 'big guns': self.big_guns, 'energy weapons': self.energy_weapons}

Answer 1

original_values = self.combat_skills不会复制。 这只是对相同 object 的另一个引用 - 无论您使用哪个引用来访问它们，都会看到通过一个引用所做的更改，因为它们都是相同的 object。

如果要制作不同的副本，请使用dict的copy方法进行复制。 例如original_values = self.combat_skills.copy()