如何建立标准来指定多个值，如 SQL 中的运算符 IN？

Question

我需要建立像这样的标准 SQL 语法显示。 类别名称的多项选择，但数量可能不同。我已经使用 CriteriaBuilder 完成了它，或者但它看起来并不漂亮，在我的示例中最多 5 个类别。 无论它有多少选择，构建它的方法是否更好？

SELECT *
FROM expenses
LEFT JOIN expense_categories
ON expenses.categoryId=expense_categories.Id
WHERE category_name IN ('Food', 'Housing', 'Other');

public List<Expense> findExpenses(List<Specification> specList) {

        CriteriaBuilder builder = entityManager.getCriteriaBuilder();
        CriteriaQuery<Expense> query = builder.createQuery(Expense.class);
        Root<Expense> root = query.from(Expense.class);

        Set<Predicate> predicates = new LinkedHashSet<>();

        List<Specification> expenseCategorySpecList = new ArrayList<>();

        specList.stream()
                .filter(s -> s.getSpecType().equals(SpecType.EXPENSE_CATEGORY))
                .forEach(expenseCategorySpecList::add);

        if (!expenseCategorySpecList.isEmpty()) {
            while (expenseCategorySpecList.size() < 5) {
                expenseCategorySpecList.add(expenseCategorySpecList.get(0));
            }

            predicates.add(
                    builder.or(
                            builder.equal(
                                    root.join(Expense_.expenseCategory).get(ExpenseCategory_.categoryName),
                                    expenseCategorySpecList.get(0).getSpecTextKey()),
                            builder.equal(
                                    root.join(Expense_.expenseCategory).get(ExpenseCategory_.categoryName),
                                    expenseCategorySpecList.get(1).getSpecTextKey()),
                            builder.equal(
                                    root.join(Expense_.expenseCategory).get(ExpenseCategory_.categoryName),
                                    expenseCategorySpecList.get(2).getSpecTextKey()),
                            builder.equal(
                                    root.join(Expense_.expenseCategory).get(ExpenseCategory_.categoryName),
                                    expenseCategorySpecList.get(3).getSpecTextKey()),
                            builder.equal(
                                    root.join(Expense_.expenseCategory).get(ExpenseCategory_.categoryName),
                                    expenseCategorySpecList.get(4).getSpecTextKey())
                    ));
        }

        if (!predicates.isEmpty()) {
            query.where(predicates.toArray(new Predicate[0]));
        }

        return entityManager.createQuery(query).getResultList();
    }