当我指定我的类型的 Optional 时，为什么 Mockito 返回 null

Question

我在 controller 上有一个方法来获取聊天室所有惩罚类型的列表（踢、禁止、警告和静音）。 在我模拟数据的第一个测试中，它按预期工作并且测试通过。

但是，在我提供的第二次测试中。 我定义了应该作为Optional<Punishment>返回的内容，其中的属性为“mute”。 我很困惑为什么这给了我null 。 当我在测试之外运行 Spring 应用程序时，路由工作正常。 由于某种原因，模拟从不想返回我指定的值，而只返回 null。 具体来说，这是在.andExpect(jsonPath("$.punishmentName", Matchers.equalTo("mute")));行的测试中发现的。 因为字段值是 null 给出以下错误：

java.lang.AssertionError: No value at JSON path "$.punishmentName"

为了清楚起见，我还提供了 controller 方法和服务方法。

惩罚 Controller 测试：

@WebMvcTest(PunishmentController.class)
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
public class PunishmentControllerTest {

@Autowired
private MockMvc mvc;

@MockBean
private PunishmentService punishmentService;

@MockBean
private PunishmentValidator punishmentValidator;

@Test
public void getAllPunishmentTypesReturnsAListOfPunishmentTypes() throws Exception {
    List<Punishment> punishments = new ArrayList<>();
    punishments.add(new Punishment("mute"));
    punishments.add(new Punishment("kick"));
    punishments.add(new Punishment("ban"));
    punishments.add(new Punishment("warn"));

    Mockito.when(punishmentService.getAllPunishmentTypes()).thenReturn(punishments);

    mvc.perform(get("/api/punishments"))
            .andExpect(status().isOk())
            .andExpect(jsonPath("$", Matchers.hasSize(4)))
            .andExpect(jsonPath("$[0].punishmentName", Matchers.equalTo("mute")))
            .andExpect(jsonPath("$[1].punishmentName", Matchers.equalTo("kick")))
            .andExpect(jsonPath("$[2].punishmentName", Matchers.equalTo("ban")))
            .andExpect(jsonPath("$[3].punishmentName", Matchers.equalTo("warn")));
}

@Test
public void getPunishmentTypeReturnsMuteWhenMuteIsSpecified() throws Exception {
    Optional<Punishment> mute = Optional.of(new Punishment("mute"));
    Mockito.when(punishmentService.getPunishmentType("mute")).thenReturn(mute);

    mvc.perform(get("/api/punishments/mute"))
            .andExpect(status().isOk())
            .andExpect(jsonPath("$.punishmentName", Matchers.equalTo("mute")));
}

Controller 方法：

    /**
     * GET request for all punishment types.
     * @return List<Punishment> - When Punishments are found in the database they are returned in a List object.
     *                            Otherwise, an empty list is returned if no records are found or an error occurs.
     */
    @GetMapping
    public List<Punishment> getAllPunishments() {
        return punishmentService.getAllPunishmentTypes();
    }

    /**
     * GET request for one punishment type.
     * @param punishmentType String - The type of punishment.
     * @return Optional<Punishment> - The rule that gets returned or an empty optional if no rule is found.
     */
    @GetMapping(path = "{punishmentType}")
    public Optional<Punishment> getPunishment(@PathVariable("punishmentType") String punishmentType) {
        boolean isPunishmentTypeValid = punishmentValidator.validatePunishmentName(punishmentType);

        if (isPunishmentTypeValid) {
            return punishmentService.getPunishmentType(punishmentType);
        } else {
            return Optional.empty();
        }
    }
}

服务方式：

    /**
     * Gets all the punishment types
     * @return List<Punishment> - The rules in the community
     */
    public List<Punishment> getAllPunishmentTypes() {
        return punishmentRepository.findAll();
    }

    /**
     * Gets a specific punishment type.
     * @param punishmentType String - The type of punishment.
     * @return The punishment retrieved.
     */
    public Optional<Punishment> getPunishmentType(String punishmentType) {
        return punishmentRepository.findById(punishmentType);
    }

Answer 1

我相信这是因为您忘记模拟方法PunishmentValidator#validatePunishmentName("mute")以返回true ，这样您在PunishmentService上存根的方法永远不会被调用，因为默认情况下，如果您不存根方法，它将返回 false （看到这个）。

此外， @MockBean被配置为宽松的存根也是一个已知行为，如果您存根一个方法但它实际上没有被执行，它不会报告错误（即抛出UnnecessaryStubbingException ）。

因此，更改以下内容应该可以解决您的问题：

@Test
public void getPunishmentTypeReturnsMuteWhenMuteIsSpecified() throws Exception {
    Optional<Punishment> mute = Optional.of(new Punishment("mute"));
    
    Mockito.when(punishmentService.getPunishmentType("mute")).thenReturn(mute);
    Mockito.when(punishmentValidator.validatePunishmentName("mute")).thenReturn(true);

    mvc.perform(get("/api/punishments/mute"))
            .andExpect(status().isOk())
            .andExpect(jsonPath("$.punishmentName", Matchers.equalTo("mute")));
}