使用 GUI 运行具有不同变量的脚本的多个实例

Question

使用给定的 GUI，如果选择启用/禁用测试，我想使用给定的测试名称、IP 地址、发送电子邮件参数启动脚本。

processes={}

if (start_stop_checkbut1.get()):
    processes['192.168.x.xx'] = {
        'name': test_name_var1.get(),
        'ip': ip_var1.get(),
        'enable_disable': start_stop_checkbut1.get(),
        'email': eb1.get(),
        'email_address': email_address1.get()
        }
    call_main_script('192.168.x.xx', processes)

我对 GUI 编程相当陌生，所以我在这里的目标是选择启用/禁用的哪一行，可以使用参数启动脚本，我希望它们同时运行（也可以在命令提示符的多个实例中运行）。

我不知道如何实现这一点，我需要做多进程或子进程吗？ 如果是这样，我能得到一些关于这方面的指导吗？

Answer 1

您的问题与 Tkinter 和 GUI 编程没有真正的联系。 您需要多线程或多处理。 有效的解决方案取决于您想要做什么。 您可以看到以下有关选择多线程/多处理的页面： This和This

老实说，根据您的问题，您的问题对我来说不是很清楚，但我已尽力回答。

您可以在下面看到一个测试代码，没有任何并行性，因此它不是您的解决方案。

代码：

"""
Example script for data processing
"""


def call_main_script(ip_adr_str, processes_dict):
    """
    Print the data structure for testing.

    Args:
        ip_adr_str: The IP address as string to define the dict key.
        processes_dict: The dict data structure

    Returns: None

    """

    # Get the key-values based on the given IP address
    for key, value in processes_dict[ip_adr_str].items():
        print("{} -> {}".format(key, value))
    print("\n\n")


class DummyCheckBox:
    """
    A Dummy class for simulate the CheckBox widget of TK.
    """

    def __init__(self, number_of_box):
        """
        The constructor of DummyCheckBox

        Args:
            number_of_box: Input parameter of "widget"
        """

        self.number_of_box = number_of_box

    def get(self):
        """
        Provides some dummy value (Class name and the input value...).

        Returns: Dummy str.
        """

        return "{}_{}".format(self.__class__.__name__, self.number_of_box)


class DummyName:
    """
    A Dummy class for simulate the Input widget of TK.
    """

    def __init__(self, name_input):
        """
        The constructor of DummyName

        Args:
            name_input: Input parameter of "widget"
        """
        self.name = name_input

    def get(self):
        """
        Provides some dummy value (Class name and the input value...).

        Returns: Dummy str.
        """

        return "{}_{}".format(self.__class__.__name__, self.name)


# Creating the instances from the Check Box class.
dummy_check_box_1 = DummyCheckBox(1)
dummy_check_box_2 = DummyCheckBox(2)
dummy_check_box_3 = DummyCheckBox(3)

# Creating the instances from the Name widget class.
dummy_name_1 = DummyName("FOO")
dummy_name_2 = DummyName("BAR")
dummy_name_3 = DummyName("BAZ")

processes = {}

# Put the instances to lists.
check_boxes = [dummy_check_box_1, dummy_check_box_2, dummy_check_box_3]
names = [dummy_name_1, dummy_name_2, dummy_name_3]

# You can process the lists in ony for loop with the "zip" function.
for check_box, name in zip(check_boxes, names):
    if check_box.get():
        processes["192.168.x.xx"] = {
            "name": name.get(),
            "ip": "dummy_ip",
            "enable_disable": check_box.get(),
            "email": "dummy_mail",
            "email_address": "dummy_adress",
        }
        call_main_script("192.168.x.xx", processes)

输出：

>>> python3 test.py

name -> DummyName_FOO
ip -> dummy_ip
enable_disable -> DummyCheckBox_1
email -> dummy_mail
email_address -> dummy_adress

name -> DummyName_BAR
ip -> dummy_ip
enable_disable -> DummyCheckBox_2
email -> dummy_mail
email_address -> dummy_adress

name -> DummyName_BAZ
ip -> dummy_ip
enable_disable -> DummyCheckBox_3
email -> dummy_mail
email_address -> dummy_adress

以下示例包含一个多线程解决方案。 我已经评论了代码中所有更改的地方。

代码：

"""
Example script for data processing
"""

import threading
import random
import time


def call_main_script(processes_dict):
    """
    Print the data structure for testing.

    Args:
        processes_dict: The dict data structure

    Returns: None

    """

    # Get a random integer between 1-5 and sleep it in secs.
    random_sleep = random.randint(1, 5)
    time.sleep(random_sleep)
    print(
        "[{}] ({} secs slept) name -> {}".format(
            threading.current_thread().name, random_sleep, processes_dict["name"]
        )
    )


class DummyCheckBox:
    """
    A Dummy class for simulate the CheckBox widget of TK.
    """

    def __init__(self, number_of_box):
        """
        The constructor of DummyCheckBox

        Args:
            number_of_box: Input parameter of "widget"
        """

        self.number_of_box = number_of_box

    def get(self):
        """
        Provides some dummy value (Class name and the input value...).

        Returns: Dummy str.
        """

        return "{}_{}".format(self.__class__.__name__, self.number_of_box)


class DummyName:
    """
    A Dummy class for simulate the Input widget of TK.
    """

    def __init__(self, name_input):
        """
        The constructor of DummyName

        Args:
            name_input: Input parameter of "widget"
        """
        self.name = name_input

    def get(self):
        """
        Provides some dummy value (Class name and the input value...).

        Returns: Dummy str.
        """

        return "{}_{}".format(self.__class__.__name__, self.name)


# Creating the instances from the Check Box class.
dummy_check_box_1 = DummyCheckBox(1)
dummy_check_box_2 = DummyCheckBox(2)
dummy_check_box_3 = DummyCheckBox(3)

# Creating the instances from the Name widget class.
dummy_name_1 = DummyName("FOO")
dummy_name_2 = DummyName("BAR")
dummy_name_3 = DummyName("BAZ")

# This list will contain the dict structures.
processes = []

# Put the instances to lists.
check_boxes = [dummy_check_box_1, dummy_check_box_2, dummy_check_box_3]
names = [dummy_name_1, dummy_name_2, dummy_name_3]

# You can process the lists in ony for loop with the "zip" function.
for check_box, name in zip(check_boxes, names):
    if check_box.get():
        # Creating the dict data structure.
        data_structure = {
            "name": name.get(),
            "ip": "dummy_ip",
            "enable_disable": check_box.get(),
            "email": "dummy_mail",
            "email_address": "dummy_adress",
        }

        # Append the actual dict data structure to the process list.
        processes.append(data_structure)

# Creating the list for the started threads. We will wait the threads based on this list.
threads = []

# Creating threads for the dict data structures.
for single_dict in processes:
    # Creating the thread which calls the "call_main_script" function with "single_dict" argument.
    t = threading.Thread(target=call_main_script, args=(single_dict,))
    # Start the actual thread.
    t.start()
    # Append the Thread object to the list.
    threads.append(t)

# Join (Stop) the Threads one-by-one.
for t in threads:
    # Wait until thread is completely executed
    t.join()

print("Done!")

输出：

>>> python3 test.py

[Thread-3] (1 secs slept) name -> DummyName_BAZ
[Thread-1] (2 secs slept) name -> DummyName_FOO
[Thread-2] (5 secs slept) name -> DummyName_BAR
Done!

正如您在上面的输出部分中看到的，3 个不同的 dict 数据结构在 3 个线程上启动。 我添加了一个随机（1-5 秒）睡眠以获得更好的表现。