在 CSV 的第一列和第二列中使用 sed 或 awk 交换字符
[英]swap characters using sed or awk in the first and second column of CSV
问题描述
我有以下 CSV 文件（它是逗号分隔的文件）
01/04/2022,02/04/2022,UPI/45/Upi Transaction/dsf.payu@hdfcban/HDFC BANK LTD/HDF1EEB5FACE82A4,5998.00,0.0,114362.08
01/04/2022,02/04/2022,UPI/234234325435/Upi Transaction/dsf.payu@hdfcban/HDFC BANK LTD/HDF1EEB5FACE82A4,5998.00,0.0,114362.08
01/04/2022,02/04/2022,UPI/45435/Upi Transaction/dsf.payu@hdfcban/HDFC BANK LTD/HDF1EEB5FACE82A4,5998.00,0.0,114362.08
01/04/2022,02/04/2022,UPI/435/Upi Transaction/dsf.payu@hdfcban/HDFC BANK LTD/HDF1EEB5FACE82A4,5998.00,0.0,114362.08
01/04/2022,02/04/2022,UPI/435/Upi Transaction/dsf.payu@hdfcban/HDFC BANK LTD/HDF1EEB5FACE82A4,5998.00,0.0,114362.08
01/04/2022,02/04/2022,UPI/234234325435/Upi Transaction/dsf.payu@hdfcban/HDFC BANK LTD/HDF1EEB5FACE82A4,5998.00,0.0,114362.08
02/04/2022,02/04/2022,UPI/4545/Upi Transaction/dsf.payu@hdfcban/HDFC BANK LTD/HDF1EEB5FACE82A4,5998.00,0.0,114362.08
03/04/2022,04/04/2022,UPI/234234325435/Upi Transaction/dsf.payu@hdfcban/HDFC BANK LTD/HDF1EEB5FACE82A4,5998.00,0.0,114362.08
04/04/2022,04/04/2022,UPI/67657/Upi Transaction/dsf.payu@hdfcban/HDFC BANK LTD/HDF1EEB5FACE82A4,5998.00,0.0,114362.08
05/04/2022,05/04/2022,UPI/787/Upi Transaction/dsf.payu@hdfcban/HDFC BANK LTD/HDF1EEB5FACE82A4,5998.00,0.0,114362.08
06/04/2022,06/04/2022,UPI/7878/Upi Transaction/dsf.payu@hdfcban/HDFC BANK LTD/HDF1EEB5FACE82A4,5998.00,0.0,114362.08
我必须交换第一列和第二列中的日期和月份。 我可以使用 sed 命令。 使用逗号代替 / 弃权 escaping
$ sed -E 's,^([0-9]+)/([0-9]+),\2/\1,'
$ echo 01/04/2022 | cut -d, -f2 | sed -E 's,^([0-9]+)/([0-9]+),\2/\1,'
04/01/2022
但是，我无法将 sed 与 CSV 文件合并，我该怎么做？ 结果数据必须如下所示
04/01/2022,04/02/2022,UPI/45/Upi Transaction/dsf.payu@hdfcban/HDFC BANK LTD/HDF1EEB5FACE82A4,5998.00,0.0,114362.08
04/01/2022,04/02/2022,UPI/234234325435/Upi Transaction/dsf.payu@hdfcban/HDFC BANK LTD/HDF1EEB5FACE82A4,5998.00,0.0,114362.08
04/01/2022,04/02/2022,UPI/45435/Upi Transaction/dsf.payu@hdfcban/HDFC BANK LTD/HDF1EEB5FACE82A4,5998.00,0.0,114362.08
04/01/2022,04/02/2022,UPI/435/Upi Transaction/dsf.payu@hdfcban/HDFC BANK LTD/HDF1EEB5FACE82A4,5998.00,0.0,114362.08
04/01/2022,04/02/2022,UPI/435/Upi Transaction/dsf.payu@hdfcban/HDFC BANK LTD/HDF1EEB5FACE82A4,5998.00,0.0,114362.08
04/01/2022,04/02/2022,UPI/234234325435/Upi Transaction/dsf.payu@hdfcban/HDFC BANK LTD/HDF1EEB5FACE82A4,5998.00,0.0,114362.08
04/02/2022,04/02/2022,UPI/4545/Upi Transaction/dsf.payu@hdfcban/HDFC BANK LTD/HDF1EEB5FACE82A4,5998.00,0.0,114362.08
04/03/2022,04/04/2022,UPI/234234325435/Upi Transaction/dsf.payu@hdfcban/HDFC BANK LTD/HDF1EEB5FACE82A4,5998.00,0.0,114362.08
04/04/2022,04/04/2022,UPI/67657/Upi Transaction/dsf.payu@hdfcban/HDFC BANK LTD/HDF1EEB5FACE82A4,5998.00,0.0,114362.08
04/05/2022,04/05/2022,UPI/787/Upi Transaction/dsf.payu@hdfcban/HDFC BANK LTD/HDF1EEB5FACE82A4,5998.00,0.0,114362.08
04/06/2022,04/06/2022,UPI/7878/Upi Transaction/dsf.payu@hdfcban/HDFC BANK LTD/HDF1EEB5FACE82A4,5998.00,0.0,114362.08
4 个解决方案
解决方案1
2 2022-09-23 14:49:00
对于您展示的样品，请尝试遵循awk代码。
awk '
BEGIN{ FS=OFS="," }
{
split($1,arr1,"/")
split($2,arr2,"/")
$1=sprintf("%01d/%01d/%02d",arr1[2],arr1[1],arr1[3])
$2=sprintf("%01d/%01d/%d",arr2[2],arr2[1],arr2[3])
}
1
' Input_file
解释：简单的解释是； 在此程序的BEGIN部分中将FS和OFS设置为, 。 使用split function 通过/分隔符拆分第一个和第二个字段，并将所有值放入名为 arr1 和 arr2 的 arrays 中。 然后使用sprintf将值分别重新分配给 $1 和 $2，我根据要求重新排列这些值。
解决方案2
0 已采纳 2022-09-23 14:52:58
sed -E 's=^([0-9]+)/([0-9]+)=\2/\1=;s=,([0-9]+)/([0-9]+)=,\2/\1=' file.csv
它适用于 CSV 文件，即值必须用逗号分隔，而不是您的示例中的空格。 不过，切换到空间应该很容易。
测试：
01/04/2022,2/4/22,UPI/3432/Upi,Transaction,5998,0,114362.08
01/04/2022,2/4/22,UPI/3432/Upi,Transaction,5998,0,114362.08
01/04/2022,2/4/22,UPI/3432/Upi,Transaction,5998,0,114362.08
01/04/2022,2/4/22,UPI/3432/Upi,Transaction,5998,0,114362.08
01/04/2022,2/4/22,UPI/3432/Upi,Transaction,5998,0,114362.08
01/04/2022,2/4/22,UPI/3432/Upi,Transaction,5998,0,114362.08
02/04/2022,2/4/22,UPI/3432/Upi,Transaction,5998,0,114362.08
03/04/2022,4/4/22,UPI/3432/Upi,Transaction,0,400,114362.08
04/04/2022,4/4/22,UPI/3432/Upi,Transaction,5998,0,114362.08
05/04/2022,5/4/22,UPI/3432/Upi,Transaction,5998,0,114362.08
06/04/2022,6/4/22,UPI/3432/Upi,Transaction,5998,0,114362.08
08/04/2022,8/4/22,UPI/3432/Upi,Transaction,5998,0,114362.08
09/04/2022,11/4/22,UPI/3432/Upi,Transaction,5998,0,114362.08
Output：
04/01/2022,4/2/22,UPI/3432/Upi,Transaction,5998,0,114362.08
04/01/2022,4/2/22,UPI/3432/Upi,Transaction,5998,0,114362.08
04/01/2022,4/2/22,UPI/3432/Upi,Transaction,5998,0,114362.08
04/01/2022,4/2/22,UPI/3432/Upi,Transaction,5998,0,114362.08
04/01/2022,4/2/22,UPI/3432/Upi,Transaction,5998,0,114362.08
04/01/2022,4/2/22,UPI/3432/Upi,Transaction,5998,0,114362.08
04/02/2022,4/2/22,UPI/3432/Upi,Transaction,5998,0,114362.08
04/03/2022,4/4/22,UPI/3432/Upi,Transaction,0,400,114362.08
04/04/2022,4/4/22,UPI/3432/Upi,Transaction,5998,0,114362.08
04/05/2022,4/5/22,UPI/3432/Upi,Transaction,5998,0,114362.08
04/06/2022,4/6/22,UPI/3432/Upi,Transaction,5998,0,114362.08
04/08/2022,4/8/22,UPI/3432/Upi,Transaction,5998,0,114362.08
04/09/2022,4/11/22,UPI/3432/Upi,Transaction,5998,0,114362.08
解决方案3
0 2022-09-23 16:29:20
$ awk '
BEGIN { FS=OFS="," }
{
for ( i=1; i<=2; i++ ) {
split($i,d,"/")
$i = d[2] "/" d[1] "/" d[3]
}
print
}
' file
04/01/2022,04/02/2022,UPI/45/Upi Transaction/dsf.payu@hdfcban/HDFC BANK LTD/HDF1EEB5FACE82A4,5998.00,0.0,114362.08
04/01/2022,04/02/2022,UPI/234234325435/Upi Transaction/dsf.payu@hdfcban/HDFC BANK LTD/HDF1EEB5FACE82A4,5998.00,0.0,114362.08
04/01/2022,04/02/2022,UPI/45435/Upi Transaction/dsf.payu@hdfcban/HDFC BANK LTD/HDF1EEB5FACE82A4,5998.00,0.0,114362.08
04/01/2022,04/02/2022,UPI/435/Upi Transaction/dsf.payu@hdfcban/HDFC BANK LTD/HDF1EEB5FACE82A4,5998.00,0.0,114362.08
04/01/2022,04/02/2022,UPI/435/Upi Transaction/dsf.payu@hdfcban/HDFC BANK LTD/HDF1EEB5FACE82A4,5998.00,0.0,114362.08
04/01/2022,04/02/2022,UPI/234234325435/Upi Transaction/dsf.payu@hdfcban/HDFC BANK LTD/HDF1EEB5FACE82A4,5998.00,0.0,114362.08
04/02/2022,04/02/2022,UPI/4545/Upi Transaction/dsf.payu@hdfcban/HDFC BANK LTD/HDF1EEB5FACE82A4,5998.00,0.0,114362.08
04/03/2022,04/04/2022,UPI/234234325435/Upi Transaction/dsf.payu@hdfcban/HDFC BANK LTD/HDF1EEB5FACE82A4,5998.00,0.0,114362.08
04/04/2022,04/04/2022,UPI/67657/Upi Transaction/dsf.payu@hdfcban/HDFC BANK LTD/HDF1EEB5FACE82A4,5998.00,0.0,114362.08
04/05/2022,04/05/2022,UPI/787/Upi Transaction/dsf.payu@hdfcban/HDFC BANK LTD/HDF1EEB5FACE82A4,5998.00,0.0,114362.08
04/06/2022,04/06/2022,UPI/7878/Upi Transaction/dsf.payu@hdfcban/HDFC BANK LTD/HDF1EEB5FACE82A4,5998.00,0.0,114362.08
解决方案4
0 2022-09-23 16:48:29
我将按照以下方式利用 GNU AWK 的gensub function ，让file.csv内容为
01/04/2022,02/04/2022,UPI/45/Upi Transaction/dsf.payu@hdfcban/HDFC BANK LTD/HDF1EEB5FACE82A4,5998.00,0.0,114362.08
01/04/2022,02/04/2022,UPI/234234325435/Upi Transaction/dsf.payu@hdfcban/HDFC BANK LTD/HDF1EEB5FACE82A4,5998.00,0.0,114362.08
01/04/2022,02/04/2022,UPI/45435/Upi Transaction/dsf.payu@hdfcban/HDFC BANK LTD/HDF1EEB5FACE82A4,5998.00,0.0,114362.08
01/04/2022,02/04/2022,UPI/435/Upi Transaction/dsf.payu@hdfcban/HDFC BANK LTD/HDF1EEB5FACE82A4,5998.00,0.0,114362.08
01/04/2022,02/04/2022,UPI/435/Upi Transaction/dsf.payu@hdfcban/HDFC BANK LTD/HDF1EEB5FACE82A4,5998.00,0.0,114362.08
01/04/2022,02/04/2022,UPI/234234325435/Upi Transaction/dsf.payu@hdfcban/HDFC BANK LTD/HDF1EEB5FACE82A4,5998.00,0.0,114362.08
02/04/2022,02/04/2022,UPI/4545/Upi Transaction/dsf.payu@hdfcban/HDFC BANK LTD/HDF1EEB5FACE82A4,5998.00,0.0,114362.08
03/04/2022,04/04/2022,UPI/234234325435/Upi Transaction/dsf.payu@hdfcban/HDFC BANK LTD/HDF1EEB5FACE82A4,5998.00,0.0,114362.08
04/04/2022,04/04/2022,UPI/67657/Upi Transaction/dsf.payu@hdfcban/HDFC BANK LTD/HDF1EEB5FACE82A4,5998.00,0.0,114362.08
05/04/2022,05/04/2022,UPI/787/Upi Transaction/dsf.payu@hdfcban/HDFC BANK LTD/HDF1EEB5FACE82A4,5998.00,0.0,114362.08
06/04/2022,06/04/2022,UPI/7878/Upi Transaction/dsf.payu@hdfcban/HDFC BANK LTD/HDF1EEB5FACE82A4,5998.00,0.0,114362.08
然后
awk 'BEGIN{FS=OFS=","}{$1=gensub(/(..)\/(..)/, "\\2/\\1",1,$1);$2=gensub(/(..)\/(..)/, "\\2/\\1",1,$2);print}' file.csv
给出 output
04/01/2022,04/02/2022,UPI/45/Upi Transaction/dsf.payu@hdfcban/HDFC BANK LTD/HDF1EEB5FACE82A4,5998.00,0.0,114362.08
04/01/2022,04/02/2022,UPI/234234325435/Upi Transaction/dsf.payu@hdfcban/HDFC BANK LTD/HDF1EEB5FACE82A4,5998.00,0.0,114362.08
04/01/2022,04/02/2022,UPI/45435/Upi Transaction/dsf.payu@hdfcban/HDFC BANK LTD/HDF1EEB5FACE82A4,5998.00,0.0,114362.08
04/01/2022,04/02/2022,UPI/435/Upi Transaction/dsf.payu@hdfcban/HDFC BANK LTD/HDF1EEB5FACE82A4,5998.00,0.0,114362.08
04/01/2022,04/02/2022,UPI/435/Upi Transaction/dsf.payu@hdfcban/HDFC BANK LTD/HDF1EEB5FACE82A4,5998.00,0.0,114362.08
04/01/2022,04/02/2022,UPI/234234325435/Upi Transaction/dsf.payu@hdfcban/HDFC BANK LTD/HDF1EEB5FACE82A4,5998.00,0.0,114362.08
04/02/2022,04/02/2022,UPI/4545/Upi Transaction/dsf.payu@hdfcban/HDFC BANK LTD/HDF1EEB5FACE82A4,5998.00,0.0,114362.08
04/03/2022,04/04/2022,UPI/234234325435/Upi Transaction/dsf.payu@hdfcban/HDFC BANK LTD/HDF1EEB5FACE82A4,5998.00,0.0,114362.08
04/04/2022,04/04/2022,UPI/67657/Upi Transaction/dsf.payu@hdfcban/HDFC BANK LTD/HDF1EEB5FACE82A4,5998.00,0.0,114362.08
04/05/2022,04/05/2022,UPI/787/Upi Transaction/dsf.payu@hdfcban/HDFC BANK LTD/HDF1EEB5FACE82A4,5998.00,0.0,114362.08
04/06/2022,04/06/2022,UPI/7878/Upi Transaction/dsf.payu@hdfcban/HDFC BANK LTD/HDF1EEB5FACE82A4,5998.00,0.0,114362.08
说明：我通知 GNU AWK 是字段分隔符 ( FS ) 和 output 字段分隔符 ( OFS ) 然后对于第一个和第二个字段我使用带有捕获组的gensub来将第一个和第二个字符与第四个和第五个字符交换。
（在 GNU Awk 5.0.1 中测试）
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