如何正确解释数字（十六进制，十进制，十进制）
How to interpret numbers correctly (hex, oct, dec)

看一下strtol函数。

char * args[3] = {"0x43", "0123", "65"};
for (int i = 0; i < 3; ++i) {
  long int value = strtol(args[i], NULL, 0);
  printf("%s converts to %d decimal\n", args[i], value);
}

输出：

0x43 converts to 67 decimal
0123 converts to 83 decimal
65 converts to 65 decimal

您总是可以将其存储为字符串以开始，然后查看前两个字符以查看它们是否为0x：

std::string num;
std::cin >> num;

if (num[0] == '0' && num[1] == 'x')
{ 
  //handle
}

我不确定是否有C ++的方法来执行此操作，但是如果您不介意一点C-ishness，可以将其读入char数组并使用sscanf(buffer, "%i", &output) 。 就像您所描述的那样， %i根据其格式将输入解释为十六进制，八进制或十进制。

编辑：啊，不知道strtol也可以做到这一点。 不理我。

如果要保留基本信息（十六进制/八进制/十进制），则需要将该信息与整数值本身分开存储，这将要求您至少解析输入字符串的前几个字符（sscanf （），strtol（）等不会为您保留该信息）。

您可以滚动自己的微型解析器，以保存输入库并进行转换（代码未经测试就被搁置了）：

char inputStr[MAX_INPUT_LENGTH+1];
char *p;
int result = 0;
char values[128];

/**
 * This enumeration serves double duty; it keeps track of what
 * base the input was entered in, and it controls the state machine 
 * used to parse the input; from a didactic POV, this is probably bad form
 */
enum {
  eStart, 
  eHexOrOctal, 
  eOctal, 
  eDecimal, 
  eHexadecimal, 
  eError
} eBase = eStart;


/**
 * Use the values array as a table to map character constants to their corresponding 
 * integer values.  This is safer than using an expression like *p - '0', in 
 * that it can work with character encodings where digits are not consecutive.
 * Yes, this wastes a little space, but the convenience makes
 * up for it IMO.  There are probably better ways to do this.
 */
values['0'] = 0; values['1'] = 1; values['2'] = 2; values['3'] = 3; 
values['4'] = 4; values['5'] = 5; values['6'] = 6; values['7'] = 7; 
values['8'] = 8; values['9'] = 9; values['a'] = 10; values['b'] = 11; 
values['c'] = 12; values['d'] = 13; values['e'] = 14; values['f'] = 15;

/**  
 * Insert code to get input string here 
 */

for (p = inputStr; *p != 0; p++)
{
  /**
   * Cycle through each character in the input string, adjusting the state
   * of the parser as necessary.  Parser starts in the eStart state.
   */
  switch(eBase)
  {
    /**
     * Start state -- we haven't parsed any characters yet
     */
    case eStart:
      if (*p == '0') eBase = eHexOrOctal; // leading 0 means either hex or octal
      else if (isdigit(*p))
      {
        eBase = eDecimal;    // leading non-0 digit means decimal
        result = values[*p];  
      }                    
      else eBase = eError;    // no other character may start an integer constant
      break;
    /**
     * HexOrOctal -- we've read a leading 0, which could start either a hex or
     * octal constant; we need to read the second character to make a determination
     */
    case eHexOrOctal:      
      if (tolower(*p) == 'x')  base = eHexadecimal;
      else if (isdigit(*p) && *p != '8' && *p != '9')
      {
        base = eOctal;   
        result = values[*p];
      }
      else eBase = eError;
      break;
    /**
     * Octal -- we are parsing an octal constant
     */
    case eOctal:
      if (isdigit(*p) && *p != '8' && *p != '9')
      {
        result *= 8;
        result += values[*p];
      }
      else eBase = eError;
      break;
    /**
     * Decimal -- we are parsing a decimal constant
     */
    case eDecimal:
      if (isdigit(*p))
      {
        result *= 10;
        result += values[*p];
      }
      else eBase = eError;
      break;
    /**
     * Hexadecimal -- we are parsing a hex constant
     */
    case eHexadecimal:
      if (isxdigit(*p))
      {
        result *= 16;
        result += values[tolower(*p)];
      }
      else eBase = eError;
      break;
    /**
     * String is not a properly formatted integer constant in 
     * any base; once we fall into the error state, we stay there.
     */
    case eError:
    default:
      break;
  }
}
if (eBase != eError)
{
  printf("input: %s ", inputStr); fflush(stdout);
  switch(eBase)
  {
    case eOctal: printf("octal "); break;
    case eHexadecimal: printf("hexadecimal "); break
    default: break;
  }
  fflush(stdout);
  printf("converts to %d decimal\n", result);
}
else
{
  /** Print a suitable error message here */
}

如果从字面上看必须使用单个整数变量来存储显示最终输出所需的所有信息，则必须使用整数变量的一部分来存储输入所在的原始基数。否则无法恢复。