(Resolvido) Mock Mvc 始终为 null

Question

我试图实施 controller 测试以保证它会返回 http 200 代码，但是在尝试运行测试时我收到了 NullPointerException 异常。

调试代码发现MockMvc是null。

我已经尝试添加注释，如@SpringBootTest、@AutoConfigureMockMvc、@WebMvcTest、@ExtendWith，而 MockMvc 仍然是 null，现在我不知道还能做什么来解决这个问题

注意：我正在了解这些测试内容，所以如果代码中有问题，请告诉我，我将不胜感激

这是我的测试代码：

`
@ExtendWith(MockitoExtension.class)
@WebMvcTest(BookController.class)
@AutoConfigureMockMvc
@SpringBootTest
public class TestControlBook {

    @Autowired
    private MockMvc mockMvc;


    @Test
    public void testListBooks() throws Exception{
        Response ResultActions = mockMvc.perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders.get("/api/books/list"));
        response.andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.status().isOk());
    }
}

这是我的 controller 代码：

`@RestController
@RequestMapping("/api/books")
public class BookController {


    private BookService bookService;

    public BookController(BookService bookService) {
        this.bookService = bookService;
    }



    @GetMapping("/list")
    private ResponseEntity<Object> listBooks(){
        try {
            return ResponseEntity.status(HttpStatus.OK).body(bookService.listBooks());
        }
        catch (Exception e){
            return ResponseEntity.status(HttpStatus.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR).body("An error occurred while trying to list the books, please try again later");
        }
    }
}

这是我的 pom.xml：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.1.0.RELEASE</version>
        <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
    </parent>
    <groupId>com.tdd</groupId>
    <artifactId>exemplo</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>TDD Exemplo</name>
    <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
    <properties>
        <java.version>11</java.version>
    </properties>
    <dependencies>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
            <version>3.0.0</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-security</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
            <scope>runtime</scope>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-j</artifactId>
            <scope>runtime</scope>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.security</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-security-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>


        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit-jupiter-engine</artifactId>
            <version>5.2.0</version>
        </dependency>


        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.mockito</groupId>
            <artifactId>mockito-junit-jupiter</artifactId>
            <version>4.6.1</version>
            <scope>test</scope>

        </dependency>
    </dependencies>


    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

</project>`
```

Answer 1

我设法解决了这个问题，发生的事情是注释发生冲突，导致无法分配 MockMvc。 此外，我更改了一些内容，使代码更具可读性和更好。

现在的代码是这样的：

@WebMvcTest(LivroController.class)
@AutoConfigureMockMvc
public class LivroControlerTeste {

    @Autowired
    private MockMvc mockMvc;

    @MockBean
    private LivroService livroService;

    @Test
    public void testarListarLivros() throws Exception{
       MvcResult mvcResult = mockMvc.perform(get("/api/livros/listar"))
               .andExpect(status().isOk()).andReturn();
    }
}