selenium.common.exceptions.InsecureCertificateException：可能是由于 HSTS 政策

Question

赏金将在 6 天后到期。 此问题的答案有资格获得+50声望赏金。 farhan jatt想提请更多人注意这个问题：

在此先感谢您对此的调查

I am trying to open microsoft outlook using selenium firefox, but I get this when the url opens Connection to outlook.live.com has a security policy called HTTP Strict Transport Security (HSTS), which means that Firefox can only connect to it securely. 我在终端上得到的错误是

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "d:\Code\Python\plugins-olek-test\initializer.py", line 313, in start_driver
    driver.get(url)
  File "C:\Users\IT PLANET\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python39\lib\site-packages\selenium\webdriver\remote\webdriver.py", line 449, in get
    self.execute(Command.GET, {"url": url})
  File "C:\Users\IT PLANET\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python39\lib\site-packages\selenium\webdriver\remote\webdriver.py", line 440, in execute       
    self.error_handler.check_response(response)
  File "C:\Users\IT PLANET\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python39\lib\site-packages\selenium\webdriver\remote\errorhandler.py", line 245, in check_response
    raise exception_class(message, screen, stacktrace)
selenium.common.exceptions.InsecureCertificateException: Message:
Stacktrace:
RemoteError@chrome://remote/content/shared/RemoteError.sys.mjs:8:8
WebDriverError@chrome://remote/content/shared/webdriver/Errors.sys.mjs:180:5
InsecureCertificateError@chrome://remote/content/shared/webdriver/Errors.sys.mjs:301:5
checkReadyState@chrome://remote/content/marionette/navigate.sys.mjs:58:24
onNavigation@chrome://remote/content/marionette/navigate.sys.mjs:329:39
emit@resource://gre/modules/EventEmitter.sys.mjs:154:20
receiveMessage@chrome://remote/content/marionette/actors/MarionetteEventsParent.sys.mjs:35:25

我已经尝试了在 inte.net 上可以找到的所有方法，但都没有解决我的问题。 代码是

from seleniumwire import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.service import Service
from webdriver_manager.firefox import GeckoDriverManager
from webdriver_manager import utils
import sys

URL = 'https://outlook.live.com/'
firefox_options = webdriver.FirefoxOptions()
# firefox_options.add_argument('--no-sandbox')
path_to_firefox_profile = "output_files\\firefox\\xlycfcyp.default-release"
profile = webdriver.FirefoxProfile(path_to_firefox_profile)
profile.set_preference("dom.webdriver.enabled", False)
profile.set_preference('useAutomationExtension', False)
profile.update_preferences()
firefox_options.set_preference("general.useragent.override", 'user-agent=Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Ubuntu; Linux x86_64; rv:89.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/89.0')
firefox_options.add_argument("--width=1400")
firefox_options.add_argument("--height=1000")
driver_installation = GeckoDriverManager().install()
service = Service(driver_installation)
if sys.platform == 'win32':
    from subprocess import CREATE_NO_WINDOW
    service.creationflags = CREATE_NO_WINDOW

driver = webdriver.Firefox(options=firefox_options, firefox_profile=profile,
                            service=service)

driver.get(URL)

我已经尽力了，我希望有人能帮助我。 注意：同样的事情适用于 gmail。它也有 HSTS 政策，但工作正常。 提前致谢

Answer 1

将配置文件属性accept_untrusted_certs设置为True ，如下所示：

profile = webdriver.FirefoxProfile(path_to_firefox_profile)
profile.accept_untrusted_certs = True

Answer 2

我找到了解决方案，但不知道它起作用的确切原因。 解决方法是设置以下首选项。

profile.set_preference("security.mixed_content.block_active_content", False)

这告诉 Firefox 允许网站上的混合内容（通过 HTTP 和 HTTPS 加载的内容）。 在此之后我没有得到不安全的证书错误。