从 Python 字典中的键中获取值

Question

我正在从 JSON 中的 'key' 中获取 'value'，但我不知道为什么我无法获取目标信息。 下面的代码

import json 
import requests
 
#Person's ID
id=1194452

#Url
info=requests.get(f'https://api.brokercheck.finra.org/search/individual/{id}?hl=true&includePrevious=true&sort=bc_lastname_sort+asc,bc_firstname_sort+asc,bc_middlename_sort+asc,score+desc&wt=json') 

#convert to JSON
x=info.json()

 #Value
 print(x["firstName"])

下面是本例的JSON。 （链接中的信息是公开的。因此，我不会删除 1194452 的详细信息）。

{'hits': {'total': 1, 'hits': [{'_type': '_doc', '_source': {'content': '{"basicInformation": {"individualId": 1194452, "firstName": "STEPHEN", "middleName": "MICHAEL", "lastName": "SCHULTZ", "otherNames": [], "bcScope": "Active", "iaScope": "NotInScope", "daysInIndustryCalculatedDate": "4/11/1984"}, "currentEmployments": [{"firmId": 5685, "firmName": "PRUCO SECURITIES, LLC.", "iaOnly": "N", "registrationBeginDate": "4/12/1984", "firmBCScope": "ACTIVE", "firmIAScope": "ACTIVE", "iaSECNumber": "52208", "iaSECNumberType": "801", "bdSECNumber": "16402", "branchOfficeLocations": [{"locatedAtFlag": "Y", "supervisedFromFlag": "N", "privateResidenceFlag": "N", "branchOfficeId": "737412", "street1": "445 Broadhollow Road", "street2": "Suite 405", "city": "Melville", "cityAlias": ["DIX HILLS", "HUNTINGTN STA", "HUNTINGTON STATION", "MELVILLE"], "state": "NY", "country": "United States", "zipCode": "11747", "latitude": "40.785118", "longitude": "-73.404965", "geoLocation": "40.785118,-73.404965", "nonRegisteredOfficeFlag": "N", "elaBeginDate": "10/15/2021"}]}], "currentIAEmployments": [], "previousEmployments": [], "previousIAEmployments": [], "disclosureFlag": "N", "iaDisclosureFlag": "N", "disclosures": [], "examsCount": {"stateExamCount": 0, "principalExamCount": 0, "productExamCount": 2}, "stateExamCategory": [], "principalExamCategory": [], "productExamCategory": [{"examCategory": "SIE", "examName": "Securities Industry Essentials Examination", "examTakenDate": "10/1/2018", "examScope": "BC"}, {"examCategory": "Series 6", "examName": "Investment Company Products/Variable Contracts Representative Examination", "examTakenDate": "4/2/1984", "examScope": "BC"}], "registrationCount": {"approvedSRORegistrationCount": 1, "approvedFinraRegistrationCount": 1, "approvedStateRegistrationCount": 1, "approvedIAStateRegistrationCount": 0}, "registeredStates": [{"state": "New York", "regScope": "BC", "status": "APPROVED", "regDate": "4/12/1984"}], "registeredSROs": [{"sro": "FINRA", "status": "APPROVED"}], "brokerDetails": {"hasBCComments": "N", "hasIAComments": "N", "legacyReportStatusDescription": "Not Requested"}}'}}]}}

问题

1. 由于 type(x) 是 Python 中的 'dict'，为什么我不能获取键的值？
2. JSON 中的“点击”是什么？ 我用谷歌搜索“hits”，发现它是“Hyperlink Induced Topic Search”。

谢谢

Answer 1

在这种情况下， hits数是查询结果的数量。 它只是这个 API 用来构造其请求响应的键。

为了获得firstName ，您必须沿着嵌套字典（使用键访问元素）和列表（使用索引访问元素）导航。 由于在您的案例中只有一次命中（给出一个人的 ID 并收到总计 = 1 的响应），您将访问索引为 0 的唯一命中。

不过需要注意一件事：与content关联的值是一个 json 字符串。 所以你应该读作 json。

为了打印所有名字：

import json

x = {'hits': {'total': 1, 'hits': [{'_type': '_doc', '_source': {'content': '{"basicInformation": {"individualId": 1194452, "firstName": "STEPHEN", "middleName": "MICHAEL", "lastName": "SCHULTZ", "otherNames": [], "bcScope": "Active", "iaScope": "NotInScope", "daysInIndustryCalculatedDate": "4/11/1984"}, "currentEmployments": [{"firmId": 5685, "firmName": "PRUCO SECURITIES, LLC.", "iaOnly": "N", "registrationBeginDate": "4/12/1984", "firmBCScope": "ACTIVE", "firmIAScope": "ACTIVE", "iaSECNumber": "52208", "iaSECNumberType": "801", "bdSECNumber": "16402", "branchOfficeLocations": [{"locatedAtFlag": "Y", "supervisedFromFlag": "N", "privateResidenceFlag": "N", "branchOfficeId": "737412", "street1": "445 Broadhollow Road", "street2": "Suite 405", "city": "Melville", "cityAlias": ["DIX HILLS", "HUNTINGTN STA", "HUNTINGTON STATION", "MELVILLE"], "state": "NY", "country": "United States", "zipCode": "11747", "latitude": "40.785118", "longitude": "-73.404965", "geoLocation": "40.785118,-73.404965", "nonRegisteredOfficeFlag": "N", "elaBeginDate": "10/15/2021"}]}], "currentIAEmployments": [], "previousEmployments": [], "previousIAEmployments": [], "disclosureFlag": "N", "iaDisclosureFlag": "N", "disclosures": [], "examsCount": {"stateExamCount": 0, "principalExamCount": 0, "productExamCount": 2}, "stateExamCategory": [], "principalExamCategory": [], "productExamCategory": [{"examCategory": "SIE", "examName": "Securities Industry Essentials Examination", "examTakenDate": "10/1/2018", "examScope": "BC"}, {"examCategory": "Series 6", "examName": "Investment Company Products/Variable Contracts Representative Examination", "examTakenDate": "4/2/1984", "examScope": "BC"}], "registrationCount": {"approvedSRORegistrationCount": 1, "approvedFinraRegistrationCount": 1, "approvedStateRegistrationCount": 1, "approvedIAStateRegistrationCount": 0}, "registeredStates": [{"state": "New York", "regScope": "BC", "status": "APPROVED", "regDate": "4/12/1984"}], "registeredSROs": [{"sro": "FINRA", "status": "APPROVED"}], "brokerDetails": {"hasBCComments": "N", "hasIAComments": "N", "legacyReportStatusDescription": "Not Requested"}}'}}]}}

for hit in x['hits']['hits']:
    person_json = json.loads(hit['_source']['content'])
    print(person_json['basicInformation']['firstName'])

或者获取第一个（并且仅在本例中）命中的名字：

json.loads(x['hits']['hits'][0]['_source']['content'])['basicInformation']['firstName']

Answer 2

API 响应为 JSON object 但所需数据为 JSON object 数据的string形式。 所以你必须调用 json.loads() 来制作字典和hits意味着列出 object 的数据。

脚本：

import requests
import json

id = 1194452
url = f'https://api.brokercheck.finra.org/search/individual/{id}?hl=true&includePrevious=true&sort=bc_lastname_sort+asc,bc_firstname_sort+asc,bc_middlename_sort+asc,score+desc&wt=json'

response = requests.get(url)
data = response.json()

for hit in data['hits']['hits']:
    content_str = hit['_source']['content']
    content = json.loads(content_str)
    first_name = content['basicInformation']['firstName']
    print(first_name)

Output：

STEPHEN