Scala模式匹配与Option [Any]的混淆

Question

我有以下Scala代码。

import scala.actors.Actor

object Alice extends Actor {
  this.start
  def act{
    loop{
      react {
        case "Hello" => sender ! "Hi"
        case i:Int => sender ! 0
      }
    }
  }
}
object Test {
  def test = {
    (Alice !? (100, "Hello")) match {
      case i:Some[Int] => println ("Int received "+i)
      case s:Some[String] => println ("String received "+s)
      case _ =>
    }
    (Alice !? (100, 1)) match {
      case i:Some[Int] => println ("Int received "+i)
      case s:Some[String] => println ("String received "+s)
      case _ =>
    }
  }
}

在做Test.test ，我得到了输出：

scala> Test.test
Int received Some(Hi)
Int received Some(0)

我期待着输出

String received Some(Hi)
Int received Some(0)

解释是什么？

作为第二个问题，我通过以上方式获得unchecked警告：

C:\scalac -unchecked a.scala
a.scala:17: warning: non variable type-argument Int in type pattern Some[Int] is unchecked since it is eliminated by erasure
      case i:Some[Int] => println ("Int received "+i)
             ^
a.scala:18: warning: non variable type-argument String in type pattern Some[String] is unchecked since it is eliminated by erasure
      case s:Some[String] => println ("String received "+s)
             ^
a.scala:22: warning: non variable type-argument Int in type pattern Some[Int] is unchecked since it is eliminated by erasure
      case i:Some[Int] => println ("Int received "+i)
             ^
a.scala:23: warning: non variable type-argument String in type pattern Some[String] is unchecked since it is eliminated by erasure
      case s:Some[String] => println ("String received "+s)
             ^
four warnings found

我该如何避免警告？

编辑：感谢您的建议。 Daniel的想法很好，但似乎不适用于泛型类型，如下例所示

def test[T] = (Alice !? (100, "Hello")) match { 
   case Some(i: Int) => println ("Int received "+i) 
   case Some(t: T) => println ("T received ") 
   case _ =>  
}

遇到以下 错误 警告： warning: abstract type T in type pattern T is unchecked since it is eliminated by erasure

Answer 1

这是由于类型擦除。 除阵列外，JVM不知道任何类型参数。 因此，Scala代码无法检查Option是Option[Int]还是Option[String] - 该信息已被删除。

您可以通过这种方式修复代码：

object Test {
  def test = {
    (Alice !? (100, "Hello")) match {
      case Some(i: Int) => println ("Int received "+i)
      case Some(s: String) => println ("String received "+s)
      case _ =>
    }
    (Alice !? (100, 1)) match {
      case Some(i: Int) => println ("Int received "+i)
      case Some(s: String) => println ("String received "+s)
      case _ =>
    }
  }
}

这样你就不会测试Option的类型，但它的内容类型是什么 - 假设有任何内容。 None将落入默认情况。

Answer 2

有关类型参数的任何信息仅在编译时可用，而不是在运行时（这称为类型擦除）。 这意味着在运行时， Option[String]和Option[Int]之间没有区别，因此Option[String]类型上的任何模式匹配也将匹配Option[Int]因为在运行时两者都只是Option 。

由于这几乎总是不符合您的意图，因此您会收到警告。 避免警告的唯一方法是不要在运行时检查某些东西的泛型类型（这很好，因为它不会像你想要的那样工作）。

无法在运行时检查Option是Option[Int]还是Option[String] （除了检查内容是否为Some ）。

Answer 3

如前所述，你在这里反对擦除。

对于解决方案...... Scala actor为您可能发送的每种消息类型定义案例类是正常的：

case class MessageTypeA(s : String)
case class MessageTypeB(i : Int)

object Alice extends Actor {
  this.start
  def act{
    loop{
      react {
        case "Hello" => sender ! MessageTypeA("Hi")
        case i:Int => sender ! MessageTypeB(0)
      }
    }
  }
}
object Test {
  def test = {
    (Alice !? (100, "Hello")) match {
      case Some(MessageTypeB(i)) => println ("Int received "+i)
      case Some(MessageTypeA(s)) => println ("String received "+s)
      case _ =>
    }
    (Alice !? (100, 1)) match {
      case Some(MessageTypeB(i)) => println ("Int received " + i)
      case Some(MessageTypeA(s)) => println ("String received " + s)
      case _ =>
    }
  }
}