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無法在 docker mysql 容器中安裝 mysqlclient

[英]Cannot install mysqlclient in a docker mysql container

 原文  2018-11-15 04:59:05  2   2    python/ mysql/ docker/ pip/ centos

問題描述

我在 Docker conatiner hat 中安裝mysqlclient時遇到了一些問題，該帽子是由 mysql 優化的 Docker 圖像 ( mysql/mysql-server ) 制作的。 該容器在 Oracle Linux Sysrem (CentOS) 上運行。

錯誤看起來像這樣

Installing collected packages: mysqlclient, raven, redis, xmltodict, responses
  Running setup.py install for mysqlclient ... error
    Complete output from command /tracking_api/tracking/bin/python3.6 -u -c "import setuptools, tokenize;__file__='/tmp/pip-install-z_jafqw3/mysqlclient/setup.py';f=getattr(tokenize, 'open', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('\r\n', '\n');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, 'exec'))" install --record /tmp/pip-record-vqelrf7r/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile --install-headers /tracking_api/tracking/include/site/python3.6/mysqlclient:
    running install
    running build
    running build_py
    creating build
    creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6
    copying _mysql_exceptions.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6
    creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/MySQLdb
    copying MySQLdb/__init__.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/MySQLdb
    copying MySQLdb/compat.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/MySQLdb
    copying MySQLdb/connections.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/MySQLdb
    copying MySQLdb/converters.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/MySQLdb
    copying MySQLdb/cursors.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/MySQLdb
    copying MySQLdb/release.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/MySQLdb
    copying MySQLdb/times.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/MySQLdb
    creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/MySQLdb/constants
    copying MySQLdb/constants/__init__.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/MySQLdb/constants
    copying MySQLdb/constants/CLIENT.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/MySQLdb/constants
    copying MySQLdb/constants/CR.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/MySQLdb/constants
    copying MySQLdb/constants/ER.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/MySQLdb/constants
    copying MySQLdb/constants/FIELD_TYPE.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/MySQLdb/constants
    copying MySQLdb/constants/FLAG.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/MySQLdb/constants
    copying MySQLdb/constants/REFRESH.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/MySQLdb/constants
    running build_ext
    building '_mysql' extension
    creating build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.6
    gcc -pthread -Wno-unused-result -Wsign-compare -DDYNAMIC_ANNOTATIONS_ENABLED=1 -DNDEBUG -O2 -g -pipe -Wall -Wp,-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fexceptions -fstack-protector-strong --param=ssp-buffer-size=4 -grecord-gcc-switches -m64 -mtune=generic -D_GNU_SOURCE -fPIC -fwrapv -fPIC -Dversion_info=(1,3,12,'final',0) -D__version__=1.3.12 -I/usr/include/mysql -I/tracking_api/tracking/include -I/usr/include/python3.6m -c _mysql.c -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.6/_mysql.o -m64
    unable to execute 'gcc': No such file or directory
    error: command 'gcc' failed with exit status 1

    ----------------------------------------
Command "/tracking_api/tracking/bin/python3.6 -u -c "import setuptools, tokenize;__file__='/tmp/pip-install-z_jafqw3/mysqlclient/setup.py';f=getattr(tokenize, 'open', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('\r\n', '\n');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, 'exec'))" install --record /tmp/pip-record-vqelrf7r/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile --install-headers /tracking_api/tracking/include/site/python3.6/mysqlclient" failed with error code 1 in /tmp/pip-install-z_jafqw3/mysqlclient/

我注意到這個問題是因為容器中沒有gcc引起的。 使用yum install gcc gcc ，我收到另一個錯誤，如下所示

Installing collected packages: mysqlclient, raven, redis, xmltodict, responses
  Running setup.py install for mysqlclient ... error
    Complete output from command /tracking_api/tracking/bin/python3.6 -u -c "import setuptools, tokenize;__file__='/tmp/pip-install-90ek02_q/mysqlclient/setup.py';f=getattr(tokenize, 'open', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('\r\n', '\n');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, 'exec'))" install --record /tmp/pip-record-rdg1c3go/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile --install-headers /tracking_api/tracking/include/site/python3.6/mysqlclient:
    running install
    running build
    running build_py
    creating build
    creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6
    copying _mysql_exceptions.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6
    creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/MySQLdb
    copying MySQLdb/__init__.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/MySQLdb
    copying MySQLdb/compat.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/MySQLdb
    copying MySQLdb/connections.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/MySQLdb
    copying MySQLdb/converters.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/MySQLdb
    copying MySQLdb/cursors.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/MySQLdb
    copying MySQLdb/release.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/MySQLdb
    copying MySQLdb/times.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/MySQLdb
    creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/MySQLdb/constants
    copying MySQLdb/constants/__init__.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/MySQLdb/constants
    copying MySQLdb/constants/CLIENT.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/MySQLdb/constants
    copying MySQLdb/constants/CR.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/MySQLdb/constants
    copying MySQLdb/constants/ER.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/MySQLdb/constants
    copying MySQLdb/constants/FIELD_TYPE.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/MySQLdb/constants
    copying MySQLdb/constants/FLAG.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/MySQLdb/constants
    copying MySQLdb/constants/REFRESH.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/MySQLdb/constants
    running build_ext
    building '_mysql' extension
    creating build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.6
    gcc -pthread -Wno-unused-result -Wsign-compare -DDYNAMIC_ANNOTATIONS_ENABLED=1 -DNDEBUG -O2 -g -pipe -Wall -Wp,-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fexceptions -fstack-protector-strong --param=ssp-buffer-size=4 -grecord-gcc-switches -m64 -mtune=generic -D_GNU_SOURCE -fPIC -fwrapv -fPIC -Dversion_info=(1,3,12,'final',0) -D__version__=1.3.12 -I/usr/include/mysql -I/tracking_api/tracking/include -I/usr/include/python3.6m -c _mysql.c -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.6/_mysql.o -m64
    _mysql.c:29:19: fatal error: mysql.h: No such file or directory
     #include "mysql.h"
                       ^
    compilation terminated.
    error: command 'gcc' failed with exit status 1

    ----------------------------------------
Command "/tracking_api/tracking/bin/python3.6 -u -c "import setuptools, tokenize;__file__='/tmp/pip-install-90ek02_q/mysqlclient/setup.py';f=getattr(tokenize, 'open', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('\r\n', '\n');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, 'exec'))" install --record /tmp/pip-record-rdg1c3go/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile --install-headers /tracking_api/tracking/include/site/python3.6/mysqlclient" failed with error code 1 in /tmp/pip-install-90ek02_q/mysqlclient/

我意識到這是由於mysql.h不存在造成的。 我在這個問題中發現，我可以檢查文件是否存在。 但是， /use/local/目錄下好像沒有mysql文件夾。

這就是造成我困惑的原因。 有誰知道為什么會這樣？ 當 docker 圖像本身是 mysql 優化時，為什么沒有mysql.h文件？ 提前致謝。

2 個解決方案

解決方案1
 1 已采納  2018-11-15 06:42:24

您需要安裝mysql-community-devel ， mysql.h在此軟件包中。

注意：首先需要卸載mysql-community-server-minimal ，並在mysqlclient安裝完成后重新安裝它。 否則，您將遇到以下沖突：

事務檢查錯誤：安裝mysql-community-devel-8.0.13-1.el7.x86_64中的文件/ usr / bin / mysql_config與軟件包mysql-community-server-minimal-8.0.13-1.el7中的文件沖突。 x86_64的

步驟如下：（省略pip安裝） 

yum remove -y mysql-community-server-minimal
yum install -y gcc
yum install -y mysql-community-devel
pip install mysqlclient
yum remove -y mysql-community-devel
yum install -y mysql-community-server-minimal

mysqlclient install的輸出： 

# pip install mysqlclient
Collecting mysqlclient
  Using cached https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/ec/fd/83329b9d3e14f7344d1cb31f128e6dbba70c5975c9e57896815dbb1988ad/mysqlclient-1.3.13.tar.gz
Installing collected packages: mysqlclient
  Running setup.py install for mysqlclient ... done
Successfully installed mysqlclient-1.3.13
You are using pip version 8.1.2, however version 18.1 is available.
You should consider upgrading via the 'pip install --upgrade pip' command.

最后，您的最后一個問題：

當docker鏡像本身經過mysql優化時，為什么沒有mysql.h文件

從dockerhub，您可以在這里找到mysql/mysqlserver dockerfile的鏈接： 

FROM oraclelinux:7-slim

ARG MYSQL_SERVER_PACKAGE=mysql-community-server-minimal-8.0.13
ARG MYSQL_SHELL_PACKAGE=mysql-shell-8.0.13

# Install server
RUN yum install -y https://repo.mysql.com/mysql-community-minimal-release-el7.rpm \
      https://repo.mysql.com/mysql-community-release-el7.rpm \
  && yum-config-manager --enable mysql80-server-minimal \
  && yum install -y \
      $MYSQL_SERVER_PACKAGE \
      $MYSQL_SHELL_PACKAGE \
      libpwquality \
  && yum clean all \
  && mkdir /docker-entrypoint-initdb.d

VOLUME /var/lib/mysql

COPY docker-entrypoint.sh /entrypoint.sh
COPY healthcheck.sh /healthcheck.sh
ENTRYPOINT ["/entrypoint.sh"]
HEALTHCHECK CMD /healthcheck.sh
EXPOSE 3306 33060
CMD ["mysqld"]

從上面可以看到，它僅使用預構建的mysql服務器軟件包 ，沒有編譯mysql服務器的源代碼，因此不需要mysql.h ，僅在進行源代碼構建時使用。

但是，當您使用pip安裝mysqlclient時，由於mysqlclient python軟件包具有C extension依賴關系，因此它將必須使用gcc進行構建，然后它需要mysql.h ，這給您帶來麻煩。 安裝mysql.h ，一切正常。

解決方案2
 0  2022-05-18 15:49:10

你可以簡單地做

    yum install -y --downloadonly --downloaddir=manual-install mysql-devel  && \
    rpm -i --force manual-install/*.rpm

這會在不安裝的情況下下載 mysql-devel 包，然后直接使用 rpm 命令進行安裝，這允許強制安裝

想知道為什么 yum 和 microdnf 都有 --force 參數

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