R 中的清潔名稱

Question

嗨，我有一列有名字。 它的名稱格式為： c("Tom", "Tom Turner", "Dr. Tom Turner", "R. Tom Turner", "J Tom Turner", "Jr. Tom Turner") 。 我只想提取名字，但由於名稱上的前綴，我不知道如何以一種簡單的方式完成它。 如果您有任何建議，請告訴我。

Answer 1

這是一種方法：

library(magrittr) # for %>% 

dirty_names  <- c(
    "Tom",
    "Tom Turner",
    "Dr. Tom Turner",
    "R. Tom Turner",
    "J Tom Turner",
    "Jr. Tom Turner"
)

dirty_names   %>% 
    # Remove first word if it ends with . e.g. Dr., Jr., R.
    sub("^\\w+\\.", "", .)   %>% 
    trimws()  %>% 
    # Remove first word if it is one letter e.g. J
    sub("^[A-Za-z] ", "", .)    %>% 
    # Delete everything after first word
    sub("(\\w+).*", "\\1", .)
# [1] "Tom" "Tom" "Tom" "Tom" "Tom" "Tom"

Answer 2

解決方案

這是tidyverse中的一個解決方案，它使用正則表達式（“ regex ”）來提取每個感興趣的組件：

• 可選prefix ：單個字母 ( J )，或幾個字母后跟句點 ( Jr. )； 由空格與隨后的名稱分隔（ ）。
• 必需的first_name ：下一個空格之前的字符“條紋”。
• 可選的last_name ：在下一個空格之后的“條紋”字符。

# Load useful functions.
library(tidyverse)


# ...
# Code to generate 'dirty_data'.
# ...


# Clean the 'dirty_data' and store it in a fresh table: 'clean_data'.
clean_data <- dirty_data %>%
  mutate(
    # Remove external whitespace for easier analysis.
    clean_full_name = str_trim(dirty_name),
    
    # Break the dirty names (using regex) into a matrix of their components.
    name_components = str_match(
      dirty_name,
      
      #                      Prefix                                    Next Whitespace
      # |----------------------------------------------|               |-------------|
      "^((([[:alnum:]])|([[:alnum:]]+\\.))[[:blank:]]+)?([^[:blank:]]+)([[:blank:]]*)?(.*)?$"
      #                                                 |-------------|               |---| 
      #                                                   First Name              Last Name
    ),
    
    # Extract each component.
    clean_prefix = name_components[, 5],
    clean_first_name = name_components[, 6],
    clean_last_name = name_components[, 8],
    
    # Remove the matrix.
    name_components = NULL,
    
    # Trim any external whitespace in the (new) components.
    across(starts_with("clean_") & !clean_full_name, str_trim),
    
    # Replace any empty strings ("") with blanks (NAs).
    across(starts_with("clean_"), na_if, y = "")
  )


# Print and inspect our result.
clean_data

結果

給定如下數據，例如您的dirty_data

# The dirty names.
dirty_names_vec <- c("Tom", "Tom Turner", "Dr. Tom Turner", "R. Tom Turner", "J Tom Turner", "Jr. Tom Turner")

# A table with a column for the dirty names.
dirty_data <- tibble(dirty_name = dirty_names_vec)

此工作流程應為clean_data產生以下結果：

# A tibble: 6 × 5
  dirty_name     clean_full_name clean_prefix clean_first_name clean_last_name
  <chr>          <chr>           <chr>        <chr>            <chr>          
1 Tom            Tom             NA           Tom              NA             
2 Tom Turner     Tom Turner      NA           Tom              Turner         
3 Dr. Tom Turner Dr. Tom Turner  Dr.          Tom              Turner         
4 R. Tom Turner  R. Tom Turner   R.           Tom              Turner         
5 J Tom Turner   J Tom Turner    NA           Tom              Turner         
6 Jr. Tom Turner Jr. Tom Turner  Jr.          Tom              Turner