Python的类变量和继承

Question

I have here some code for a unit conversion program; it throws a NameError , because of Python's inheritance order.

class _Units :
    _metric_unit_names   = {'metric'}
    _standard_unit_names = {'standard'}

class TemperatureUnits (_Units) :
    _metric_unit_names.update({'celsius', 'c'})
    _standard_unit_names.update({'fahrenheit', 'f'})

TemperatureUnits()

I was wondering what the "best" technique for this situation would be. I could make _metric_unit_names and _standard_unit_names instance variables, but to make a new set on each instantiation seems wasteful. Also having a shared behavior seems optimal in this particular situation.

Answer 1

The best course of action is to not define the attributes as static attributes of the class. What you're after is something like this:

class _Units :
    def __init__(self):
        self._metric_unit_names   = {'metric'}
        self._standard_unit_names = {'standard'}

class TemperatureUnits (_Units) :
    def __init__(self):
        _Units.__init__(self)
        self._metric_unit_names.update({'celsius', 'c'})
        self._standard_unit_names.update({'fahrenheit', 'f'})

TemperatureUnits()

Defining attributes outside of __init__ cause them to be static members of the class (ie _Units._metric_unit_names ). Defining them within init cause them to be attributes of a class instance (ie my_units_instance._metric_unit_names ).