我安装了 2 个版本的 python，但 cmake 使用的是旧版本。 如何强制 cmake 使用较新版本？

Question

I have 2 versions of python installed, but cmake is using older version. How do I force cmake to use the newer version?

Answer 1

You may try either of these depending on what you need:

For CMake >= 3.12

According to the changelog:

New "FindPython3" and "FindPython2" modules, as well as a new
"FindPython" module, have been added to provide a new way to locate
python environments.

find_package(Python COMPONENTS Interpreter Development)

Docs :

This module looks preferably for version 3 of Python. If not found, version 2 is searched. To manage concurrent versions 3 and 2 of Python, use FindPython3 and FindPython2 modules rather than this one.

For CMake < 3.12

Docs :

find_package(PythonInterp 2.7 REQUIRED)
find_package(PythonLibs 2.7 REQUIRED)

Answer 2

Try to add -DPYTHON_EXECUTABLE:FILEPATH=/path/to/python2.7 It might be a path problem?

Also could specify the path to your python library,use your version that you want:

 cmake -DPYTHON_LIBRARIES=/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/libpython2.7.dylib .

Answer 3

I had a similar problem, and resolved it using Paul's answer as a hint. I needed to use python2.7 to compile an older library, but cmake keeps picking up my python3.2 libraries (and executable).

First, I ran cmake with default options, then edited the CMakeCache.txt file which it generated. I did it this way primarily because I didn't know the proper -D... incantations to cause cmake to get the python library and include paths, etc right in the first place.

In my CmakeCache.txt , I found lines like this

• Path to a program

  PYTHON_EXECUTABLE:FILEPATH=/usr/bin/python

• Path to a directory

  PYTHON_INCLUDE_DIR:PATH=/usr/include/python3.2

• Path to a library

  PYTHON_LIBRARY:FILEPATH=/usr/lib/libpython3.2.so

And replaced every occurrence of python3.2 with python2.7 . I also had to rename the PYTHON_EXECUTABLE to use python2.7 , since python is a symlink to python3.2 on my system.

Then I reran cmake . Because it prefers its cached values to actually looking for the libraries, this should work in all cases. At least, it did in mine.

Answer 4

I use anaconda(python 2.7.8) as well as python 2.7.6.

I tried -DPYTHON_EXECUTABLE:FILEPATH=$ANACONDA_HOME/bin , but version 1.4 found (weird:).

My solution is changing it to PYTHON_EXECUTABLE:

cmake -D CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=RELEASE -D CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local -DBUILD_TIFF=ON \
-DPYTHON_LIBRARY=$ANACONDA_HOME/lib/libpython2.7.so \
-DPYTHON_INCLUDE_DIR=$ANACONDA_HOME/include/python2.7/ \
-DPYTHON_EXECUTABLE=$ANACONDA_HOME/bin/python

Answer 5

My use case was a rather large project in which C++ classes were made available to Python scripts via Boost.Python . After having fought the various quirks of CMake's Python interpreter and library detection, I finally gave up and rolled my own. My approach is based on a slightly after-edited version of the python-config script that is sometimes (but not always!) put into a newly created virtual environment ( see this SO post on pyvenv for these issues, but I digress). This script is invoked by a small CMake snippet pyconfig.cmake . Both are freely available from the GitHub repo cmake-python-config .

Warning: The scripts assume that you have a Python 3 interpreter in your PATH . Detection of Python 2 is not attempted. The scripts do not attempt to find all installed versions of Python3 either.