Bash：如何更改文件的第一列和仅第一列

Question

I have a file that was screwed up by a program and now every line looks something like this:

somelongstring:number   number    number   number   ... a lot more columns

(Tab delimited) What I need to do is modify every line such that the first column, if it is in the format somelengthystring:number, is changed to just number (get rid of the string and the colon)

I know that I can use split in awk to get rid of the string and colon like:

awk '{
   split($1,array,":")
} 
END{
   print array[2],$2,$3...
}'

But the thing is that I don't want just the first column. I want the entire line and just want the first column to be fixed. The only problem is that there are so many columns that it'd be rather stupid to type out $2,$3, ... all the way to $35 or whatever it is. What is a better way to fix this?

Answer 1

使用Perl，您可以执行以下操作：

cat file.txt | perl -pe 's/.*?://'

Answer 2

If what you have works so far, except for the $2, .... part:

awk '{
    split(..)
    $1=array[2]
    print
}'

Answer 3

Using sed . Remove all characters from the beginning of the line ( ^ ) until first colon.

sed 's/^[^:]*://' infile

Answer 4

Using cut

cut -d: -f2- file.txt

This uses the colon as a delimiter and keeps everything to the right of it.

Answer 5

如果仅应更改第一个TAB分隔字段中的格式somelengthystring:number ，则可以尝试以下操作：

awk '$1~/:[0-9]*$/{sub(/.*:/,x,$1)}1' FS='\t' OFS='\t' file