如何启动和停止线程

Question

How can I start and stop a thread with my poor thread class?

It is in loop, and I want to restart it again at the beginning of the code. How can I do start-stop-restart-stop-restart?

My class:

import threading

class Concur(threading.Thread):
    def __init__(self):
        self.stopped = False
        threading.Thread.__init__(self)

    def run(self):
        i = 0
        while not self.stopped:
            time.sleep(1)
            i = i + 1

In the main code, I want:

inst = Concur()

while conditon:
    inst.start()

    # After some operation
    inst.stop()

    # Some other operation

Answer 1

You can't actually stop and then restart a thread since you can't call its start() method again after its run() method has terminated. However you can make one pause and then later resume its execution by using a threading.Condition variable to avoid concurrency problems when checking or changing its running state.

threading.Condition objects have an associated threading.Lock object and methods to wait for it to be released and will notify any waiting threads when that occurs. Here's an example derived from the code in your question which shows this being done. In the example code I've made the Condition variable a part of Thread subclass instances to better encapsulate the implementation and avoid needing to introduce additional global variables:

from __future__ import print_function
import threading
import time

class Concur(threading.Thread):
    def __init__(self):
        super(Concur, self).__init__()
        self.iterations = 0
        self.daemon = True  # Allow main to exit even if still running.
        self.paused = True  # Start out paused.
        self.state = threading.Condition()

    def run(self):
        self.resume()
        while True:
            with self.state:
                if self.paused:
                    self.state.wait()  # Block execution until notified.
            # Do stuff...
            time.sleep(.1)
            self.iterations += 1

    def pause(self):
        with self.state:
            self.paused = True  # Block self.

    def resume(self):
        with self.state:
            self.paused = False
            self.state.notify()  # Unblock self if waiting.


class Stopwatch(object):
    """ Simple class to measure elapsed times. """
    def start(self):
        """ Establish reference point for elapsed time measurements. """
        self.start_time = time.time()
        return self

    @property
    def elapsed_time(self):
        """ Seconds since started. """
        try:
            return time.time() - self.start_time
        except AttributeError:  # Wasn't explicitly started.
            self.start_time = time.time()
            return 0



MAX_RUN_TIME = 5  # Seconds.
concur = Concur()
stopwatch = Stopwatch()

print('Running for {} seconds...'.format(MAX_RUN_TIME))
concur.start()
while stopwatch.elapsed_time < MAX_RUN_TIME:
    concur.resume()
    # Can also do other concurrent operations here...
    concur.pause()
    # Do some other stuff...

# Show Concur thread executed.
print('concur.iterations: {}'.format(concur.iterations))

Answer 2

This is David Heffernan's idea fleshed-out. The example below runs for 1 second, then stops for 1 second, then runs for 1 second, and so on.

import time
import threading
import datetime as DT
import logging
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)

def worker(cond):
    i = 0
    while True:
        with cond:
            cond.wait()
            logger.info(i)
            time.sleep(0.01)
            i += 1

logging.basicConfig(level=logging.DEBUG,
                    format='[%(asctime)s %(threadName)s] %(message)s',
                    datefmt='%H:%M:%S')

cond = threading.Condition()
t = threading.Thread(target=worker, args=(cond, ))
t.daemon = True
t.start()

start = DT.datetime.now()
while True:
    now = DT.datetime.now()
    if (now-start).total_seconds() > 60: break
    if now.second % 2:
        with cond:
            cond.notify()

Answer 3

The implementation of stop() would look like this:

def stop(self):
    self.stopped = True

If you want to restart, then you can just create a new instance and start that.

while conditon:
    inst = Concur()
    inst.start()

    #after some operation
    inst.stop()
    #some other operation

The documentation for Thread makes it clear that the start() method can only be called once for each instance of the class.

If you want to pause and resume a thread, then you'll need to use a condition variable .