在 Python 中使用工程符号（带有 SI 前缀）将浮点数转换为字符串

Question

I have a float number such as x=23392342.1

I would like to convert it to a string with engineering notation (with metric prefix)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engineering_notation http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metric_prefix

So in my example 23392342.1 = 23.3923421E6 = 23.3923421 M (mega)

I would like to display 23.3923421 M

Answer 1

Here is a function inspired from Formatting a number with a metric prefix?

metric.py

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

import math


def to_si(d, sep=' '):
    """
    Convert number to string with SI prefix

    :Example:

    >>> to_si(2500.0)
    '2.5 k'

    >>> to_si(2.3E6)
    '2.3 M'

    >>> to_si(2.3E-6)
    '2.3 µ'

    >>> to_si(-2500.0)
    '-2.5 k'

    >>> to_si(0)
    '0'

    """

    inc_prefixes = ['k', 'M', 'G', 'T', 'P', 'E', 'Z', 'Y']
    dec_prefixes = ['m', 'µ', 'n', 'p', 'f', 'a', 'z', 'y']

    if d == 0:
        return str(0)

    degree = int(math.floor(math.log10(math.fabs(d)) / 3))

    prefix = ''

    if degree != 0:
        ds = degree / math.fabs(degree)
        if ds == 1:
            if degree - 1 < len(inc_prefixes):
                prefix = inc_prefixes[degree - 1]
            else:
                prefix = inc_prefixes[-1]
                degree = len(inc_prefixes)

        elif ds == -1:
            if -degree - 1 < len(dec_prefixes):
                prefix = dec_prefixes[-degree - 1]
            else:
                prefix = dec_prefixes[-1]
                degree = -len(dec_prefixes)

        scaled = float(d * math.pow(1000, -degree))

        s = "{scaled}{sep}{prefix}".format(scaled=scaled,
                                           sep=sep,
                                           prefix=prefix)

    else:
        s = "{d}".format(d=d)

    return s


if __name__ == "__main__":
    import doctest
    doctest.testmod()

and its usage:

from metric import to_si
d = 23392342.1
print(to_si(d))

It will display

23.3923421 M

Answer 2

Use the QuantiPhy package. It is a stable well documented and well supported package that is designed to do just what you want.

>>> from quantiphy import Quantity

>>> v = Quantity(23.3923421E6)                                               
>>> str(v)                                                                   
'23.392M'                                                                    

>>> v.render(prec='full')                                                    
'23.3923421M'

Generally people use SI unit prefixes with units, and Quantity is designed to combine the units with the number.

>>> v = Quantity(23.3923421E6, 'V')
>>> print(v)
23.392 MV

>>> f = Quantity('23.3923421 MHz')
>>> print('{}'.format(f))
23.392 MHz

Quantity subclasses float, so you can use quantities in expressions as you would a float:

>>> t = 1/f                                                                  
>>> print(t)                                                                 
4.274903281275114e-08

>>> t = Quantity(t, 's')                                                     
>>> print(t)
42.749 ns

Answer 3

直接的解决方案是使用Decimal.to_eng_string方法，然后进行字典查找以将指数转换为适当的度量前缀。

Answer 4

You can use Prefixed which has a float type with additional formatting options.

>>> from prefixed import Float

>>> x = Float(23392342.1)
>>> print(f'{x:!h}')
23.392342 M

Or if you want to keep 7 decimal places

>>> print(f'{x:!.7h}')
23.3923421 M

Answer 5

This is a simple method with no dependencies:

def to_units(x_):
    units = {-12: "T",-9: "G",-6: "M",-3: "K",0: "",3: "m",6: "µ",9: "n",12: "p",15: "f"}
    k = -12
    while x_ * 10.0**k < 1: 
        k += 3
    return f"{x_*10.0**k}{units[k]}"

Example:

for i in range(-15,15):
    print(f"{to_units(1*10.0**i)} \t {1*10.0**i:1,.15f}")

1.0f    0.000000000000001
10.0f   0.000000000000010
100.0f  0.000000000000100
1.0p    0.000000000001000
10.0p   0.000000000010000
100.0p  0.000000000100000
1.0n    0.000000001000000
10.0n   0.000000010000000
100.0n  0.000000100000000
1.0µ    0.000001000000000
10.0µ   0.000010000000000
100.0µ  0.000100000000000
1.0m    0.001000000000000
10.0m   0.010000000000000
100.0m  0.100000000000000
1.0     1.000000000000000
10.0    10.000000000000000
100.0   100.000000000000000
1.0K    1,000.000000000000000
10.0K   10,000.000000000000000
100.0K  100,000.000000000000000
1.0M    1,000,000.000000000000000
10.0M   10,000,000.000000000000000
100.0M  100,000,000.000000000000000
1.0G    1,000,000,000.000000000000000
10.0G   10,000,000,000.000000000000000
100.0G  100,000,000,000.000000000000000
1.0T    1,000,000,000,000.000000000000000
10.0T   10,000,000,000,000.000000000000000
100.0T  100,000,000,000,000.000000000000000