如何使用python中的xml.etree.ElementTree解析当前节点中的所有子元素和孙元素元素

Question

I am extracting all the text in xml document. I want to look for tag say description and then search through all the children and grandchildren and there could be even more elements and then extract the text.

Here is my code but it is not able to get text inside the grandchildren tags:

for element in root.find('description'):
    print 'parent: ', element.tag, '|', element.attrib
    try:
        data.write(element.text)
        for all_tags in element.findall('./'):
            print 'child: ', all_tags.tag, '|', all_tags.attrib
            if all_tags.text:
                data.write('\n')
                data.write(all_tags.text)
                if all_tags.tail:
                    data.write('\n')
                    data.write(all_tags.tail)
                    data.write('\n')
        data.write('\n')
    except TypeError:
        pass
    except UnicodeEncodeError:
        unicodestr = element.text.encode("utf-8")
        data.write(unicodestr)

    data.write('\n')

The problem is in the for all_tags loop.

sample input:

<description>
<p num="p-0003">
Protein kinases are involved in the signal transduction pathways linking growth factors, hormones and other cell regulation molecules to cell growth, survival and metabolism under both normal and pathological conditions. One such protein kinase, protein kinase B (also known as Akt), is a serine/threonine kinase that plays a central role in promoting the proliferation and survival of a wide range of cell types, thereby protecting cells from apoptosis (programmed cell death) (Khwaja,
<i>Nature</i>
33-34 (1990)). Three members of the Akt/PKB subfamily of second-messenger regulated serine/threonine protein kinases have been identified and are termed Akt1/PKBα, Akt2/PKBβ, and Akt3/PKBγ. A number of proteins involved in cell proliferation and survival have been described as substrates of Akt in cells. Two examples of such substrates include glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK3) and Forkhead transcription factors (FKs). See Brazil and Hemmings,
<i>Trends in Biochemical Sciences</i>
26, 675-664.
</p>
<p num="p-0004">
A number of protein kinases and phosphatases regulate the activity of Akt; For instance, activation of Akt is mediated by phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-K), which initiates the binding of second messenger phospholipids to the pleckstrin homology (PH) binding domain of Akt. The binding anchors Akt to plasma membrane and results in phosphorylation and activation of the enzyme. Amplifications of the catalytic subunit of PI3-K, p110α, or mutations in the PI3-K regulatory subunit, p85α, lead to activation of Akt in several types of human cancer. (Vivanco and Sawyers,
<i>Nature Reviews in Cancer</i>
(2002) 2: 489-501.
</p>
<p num="p-0005">
The tumor suppressor, PTEN, is a critical negative regulator of Akt activation by PI3-K. Myers et al.
</p>
</description>

In this input, the text after <i> Nature </i> is missed and replaced by text in the first line. This is I believe due to the all_tags.tail is getting text from the parent tag not from the children and grandchildren tags.

Answer 1

element.findall('./') explicitly only finds direct children of a tag. The expression to find all descendants is .// (double slash).

A simplified version of your loop against the sample given, then results in:

>>> for element in root:
...     print 'parent: ', element.tag, '|', element.attrib
...     print element.text
...     for all_tags in element.findall('.//'):
...         print 'child: ', all_tags.tag, '|', all_tags.attrib
...         if all_tags.text:
...             print all_tags.text, '|', all_tags.tail
... 
parent:  p | {'num': 'p-0003'}

Protein kinases are involved in the signal transduction pathways linking growth factors, hormones and other cell regulation molecules to cell growth, survival and metabolism under both normal and pathological conditions. One such protein kinase, protein kinase B (also known as Akt), is a serine/threonine kinase that plays a central role in promoting the proliferation and survival of a wide range of cell types, thereby protecting cells from apoptosis (programmed cell death) (Khwaja,

child:  i | {}
Nature | 
33-34 (1990)). Three members of the Akt/PKB subfamily of second-messenger regulated serine/threonine protein kinases have been identified and are termed Akt1/PKBα, Akt2/PKBβ, and Akt3/PKBγ. A number of proteins involved in cell proliferation and survival have been described as substrates of Akt in cells. Two examples of such substrates include glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK3) and Forkhead transcription factors (FKs). See Brazil and Hemmings,

child:  i | {}
Trends in Biochemical Sciences | 
26, 675-664.

parent:  p | {'num': 'p-0004'}

A number of protein kinases and phosphatases regulate the activity of Akt; For instance, activation of Akt is mediated by phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-K), which initiates the binding of second messenger phospholipids to the pleckstrin homology (PH) binding domain of Akt. The binding anchors Akt to plasma membrane and results in phosphorylation and activation of the enzyme. Amplifications of the catalytic subunit of PI3-K, p110α, or mutations in the PI3-K regulatory subunit, p85α, lead to activation of Akt in several types of human cancer. (Vivanco and Sawyers,

child:  i | {}
Nature Reviews in Cancer | 
(2002) 2: 489-501.

parent:  p | {'num': 'p-0005'}

The tumor suppressor, PTEN, is a critical negative regulator of Akt activation by PI3-K. Myers et al.

or using repr() to show string literals instead:

parent:  p | {'num': 'p-0003'}
'\nProtein kinases are involved in the signal transduction pathways linking growth factors, hormones and other cell regulation molecules to cell growth, survival and metabolism under both normal and pathological conditions. One such protein kinase, protein kinase B (also known as Akt), is a serine/threonine kinase that plays a central role in promoting the proliferation and survival of a wide range of cell types, thereby protecting cells from apoptosis (programmed cell death) (Khwaja,\n'
child:  i | {}
'Nature' | u'\n33-34 (1990)). Three members of the Akt/PKB subfamily of second-messenger regulated serine/threonine protein kinases have been identified and are termed Akt1/PKB\u03b1, Akt2/PKB\u03b2, and Akt3/PKB\u03b3. A number of proteins involved in cell proliferation and survival have been described as substrates of Akt in cells. Two examples of such substrates include glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK3) and Forkhead transcription factors (FKs). See Brazil and Hemmings,\n'
child:  i | {}
'Trends in Biochemical Sciences' | '\n26, 675-664.\n'
parent:  p | {'num': 'p-0004'}
u'\nA number of protein kinases and phosphatases regulate the activity of Akt; For instance, activation of Akt is mediated by phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-K), which initiates the binding of second messenger phospholipids to the pleckstrin homology (PH) binding domain of Akt. The binding anchors Akt to plasma membrane and results in phosphorylation and activation of the enzyme. Amplifications of the catalytic subunit of PI3-K, p110\u03b1, or mutations in the PI3-K regulatory subunit, p85\u03b1, lead to activation of Akt in several types of human cancer. (Vivanco and Sawyers,\n'
child:  i | {}
'Nature Reviews in Cancer' | '\n(2002) 2: 489-501.\n'
parent:  p | {'num': 'p-0005'}
'\nThe tumor suppressor, PTEN, is a critical negative regulator of Akt activation by PI3-K. Myers et al.\n'

Answer 2

You probably want to use itertext(), but if you want to step up your game a little bit you should try out xpath . It really shines in these types of situations.

Here's an example - the xpath I've given basically says:

Find all tags anywhere in the XML document, and then return the text for it and all children.

#!/usr/bin/python

from lxml import etree

tree = etree.fromstring(open('t.xml').read())

for el in tree.xpath('//description/descendant-or-self::*/text()'):
    print el