在加载时向 Laravel/Eloquent 模型添加自定义属性？

Question

I'd like to be able to add a custom attribute/property to an Laravel/Eloquent model when it is loaded, similar to how that might be achieved with RedBean's $model->open() method.

For instance, at the moment, in my controller I have:

public function index()
{
    $sessions = EventSession::all();
    foreach ($sessions as $i => $session) {
        $sessions[$i]->available = $session->getAvailability();
    }
    return $sessions;
}

It would be nice to be able to omit the loop and have the 'available' attribute already set and populated.

I've tried using some of the model events described in the documentation to attach this property when the object loads, but without success so far.

Notes:

• 'available' is not a field in the underlying table.
• $sessions is being returned as a JSON object as part of an API, and therefore calling something like $session->available() in a template isn't an option

Answer 1

The problem is caused by the fact that the Model 's toArray() method ignores any accessors which do not directly relate to a column in the underlying table.

As Taylor Otwell mentioned here , "This is intentional and for performance reasons." However there is an easy way to achieve this:

class EventSession extends Eloquent {

    protected $table = 'sessions';
    protected $appends = array('availability');

    public function getAvailabilityAttribute()
    {
        return $this->calculateAvailability();  
    }
}

Any attributes listed in the $appends property will automatically be included in the array or JSON form of the model, provided that you've added the appropriate accessor.

Old answer (for Laravel versions < 4.08):

The best solution that I've found is to override the toArray() method and either explicity set the attribute:

class Book extends Eloquent {

    protected $table = 'books';

    public function toArray()
    {
        $array = parent::toArray();
        $array['upper'] = $this->upper;
        return $array;
    }

    public function getUpperAttribute()
    {
        return strtoupper($this->title);    
    }

}

or, if you have lots of custom accessors, loop through them all and apply them:

class Book extends Eloquent {

    protected $table = 'books';

    public function toArray()
    {
        $array = parent::toArray();
        foreach ($this->getMutatedAttributes() as $key)
        {
            if ( ! array_key_exists($key, $array)) {
                $array[$key] = $this->{$key};   
            }
        }
        return $array;
    }

    public function getUpperAttribute()
    {
        return strtoupper($this->title);    
    }

}

Answer 2

The last thing on the Laravel Eloquent doc page is:

protected $appends = array('is_admin');

That can be used automatically to add new accessors to the model without any additional work like modifying methods like ::toArray() .

Just create getFooBarAttribute(...) accessor and add the foo_bar to $appends array.

Answer 3

If you rename your getAvailability() method to getAvailableAttribute() your method becomes an accessor and you'll be able to read it using ->available straight on your model.

Docs: https://laravel.com/docs/5.4/eloquent-mutators#accessors-and-mutators

EDIT: Since your attribute is "virtual", it is not included by default in the JSON representation of your object.

But I found this: Custom model accessors not processed when ->toJson() called?

In order to force your attribute to be returned in the array, add it as a key to the $attributes array.

class User extends Eloquent {
    protected $attributes = array(
        'ZipCode' => '',
    );

    public function getZipCodeAttribute()
    {
        return ....
    }
}

I didn't test it, but should be pretty trivial for you to try in your current setup.

Answer 4

I had something simular: I have an attribute picture in my model, this contains the location of the file in the Storage folder. The image must be returned base64 encoded

//Add extra attribute
protected $attributes = ['picture_data'];

//Make it available in the json response
protected $appends = ['picture_data'];

//implement the attribute
public function getPictureDataAttribute()
{
    $file = Storage::get($this->picture);
    $type = Storage::mimeType($this->picture);
    return "data:" . $type . ";base64," . base64_encode($file);
}

Answer 5

Step 1: Define attributes in $appends
Step 2: Define accessor for that attributes.
Example:

<?php
...

class Movie extends Model{

    protected $appends = ['cover'];

    //define accessor
    public function getCoverAttribute()
    {
        return json_decode($this->InJson)->cover;
    }

Answer 6

您可以在模型中使用setAttribute函数添加自定义属性

Answer 7

Let say you have 2 columns named first_name and last_name in your users table and you want to retrieve full name. you can achieve with the following code :

class User extends Eloquent {


    public function getFullNameAttribute()
    {
        return $this->first_name.' '.$this->last_name;
    }
}

now you can get full name as:

$user = User::find(1);
$user->full_name;

Answer 8

In my subscription model, I need to know the subscription is paused or not. here is how I did it

public function getIsPausedAttribute() {
    $isPaused = false;
    if (!$this->is_active) {
        $isPaused = true;
    }
}

then in the view template,I can use $subscription->is_paused to get the result.

The getIsPausedAttribute is the format to set a custom attribute,

and uses is_paused to get or use the attribute in your view.

Answer 9

in my case, creating an empty column and setting its accessor worked fine. my accessor filling user's age from dob column. toArray() function worked too.

public function getAgeAttribute()
{
  return Carbon::createFromFormat('Y-m-d', $this->attributes['dateofbirth'])->age;
}