使用 urllib3 下载文件的最佳方式是什么

Question

I would like to download file over HTTP protocol using urllib3 . I have managed to do this using following code:

 url = 'http://url_to_a_file'
 connection_pool = urllib3.PoolManager()
 resp = connection_pool.request('GET',url )
 f = open(filename, 'wb')
 f.write(resp.data)
 f.close()
 resp.release_conn()

But I was wondering what is the proper way of doing this. For example will it work well for big files and If no what to do to make this code more bug tolerant and scalable.

Note. It is important to me to use urllib3 library not urllib2 for example, because I want my code to be thread safe.

Answer 1

Your code snippet is close. Two things worth noting:

1. If you're using resp.data , it will consume the entire response and return the connection (you don't need to resp.release_conn() manually). This is fine if you're cool with holding the data in-memory.

2. You could use resp.read(amt) which will stream the response, but the connection will need to be returned via resp.release_conn() .

This would look something like...

import urllib3
http = urllib3.PoolManager()
r = http.request('GET', url, preload_content=False)

with open(path, 'wb') as out:
    while True:
        data = r.read(chunk_size)
        if not data:
            break
        out.write(data)

r.release_conn()

The documentation might be a bit lacking on this scenario. If anyone is interested in making a pull-request to improve the urllib3 documentation , that would be greatly appreciated. :)

Answer 2

The most correct way to do this is probably to get a file-like object that represents the HTTP response and copy it to a real file using shutil.copyfileobj as below:

url = 'http://url_to_a_file'
c = urllib3.PoolManager()

with c.request('GET',url, preload_content=False) as resp, open(filename, 'wb') as out_file:
    shutil.copyfileobj(resp, out_file)

resp.release_conn()     # not 100% sure this is required though

Answer 3

Most easy way with urllib3, you can use shutil do auto-manage packages.

import urllib3
import shutil

http = urllib3.PoolManager()
with open(filename, 'wb') as out:
    r = http.request('GET', url, preload_content=False)
    shutil.copyfileobj(r, out)