带有逗号/列表的Python切片符号

Question

I have come across some python code with slice notation that I am having trouble figuring out. It looks like slice notation but uses a comma and a list:

list[:, [1, 2, 3]]

Is this syntax valid? If so what does it do?

looks like it is a 2D numpy array

Answer 1

Assuming that the object is really a numpy array, this is known as advanced indexing , and picks out the specified columns:

>>> import numpy as np
>>> a = np.arange(12).reshape(3,4)
>>> a
array([[ 0,  1,  2,  3],
       [ 4,  5,  6,  7],
       [ 8,  9, 10, 11]])
>>> a[:, [1,2,3]]
array([[ 1,  2,  3],
       [ 5,  6,  7],
       [ 9, 10, 11]])
>>> a[:, [1,3]]
array([[ 1,  3],
       [ 5,  7],
       [ 9, 11]])

Note that this won't work with the standard Python list:

>>> a.tolist()
[[0, 1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6, 7], [8, 9, 10, 11]]
>>> a.tolist()[:,[1,2,3]]
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<ipython-input-17-7d77de02047a>", line 1, in <module>
    a.tolist()[:,[1,2,3]]
TypeError: list indices must be integers, not tuple

Answer 2

It generates a complex value and passes it to __*item__() :

>>> class Foo(object):
...   def __getitem__(self, val):
...     print val
... 
>>> Foo()[:, [1, 2, 3]]
(slice(None, None, None), [1, 2, 3])

What it actually performs depends on the type being indexed.