为什么带有双星号的glob模式与子目录中的任何内容都不匹配？

Question

I'm trying to write a .gitignore rule to exclude some files in a particular directory that has multiple levels of subdirectories.

The folder structure looks something like this:

out
├─a
│ ├─source
│ │ ├─.keepme
│ │ ├─183597.txt
│ │ ├─271129.txt
│ │ └─288833.txt
│ └─parsed
│   ├─.keepme
│   ├─183597.csv
│   ├─271129.csv
│   └─288833.csv
├─b
│ └─(...)

(etc.)

I would like to keep the .keepme files (so that Git saves the directory structure), so I figure I'll write a rule to match anything under out that matches the pattern ?*.* :

out/**/?*.*

However, this does not match any files.

I thought that ** will match any number of subdirectories; why is this not working?

I'm running Git 1.8 in Bash 4.2 on a Fedora 18 VM.

Answer 1

First, make sure you are using Git 1.8.2 or up, since that's when ** support was introduced.

It sounds like you're trying to exclude .keepme files by matching *.* . However, since * matches zero or more characters, it matches the empty string in front of the period in .keepme , including this file as well.

Maybe you intended it to work like out/**/?*.*

If you'd like to match all non-dotfiles, you can use out/**/[!.]* which will also include filenames without periods in them, like Makefile .

Answer 2

I think that other guy's answer is a good lead. The pattern out/**/[!.]*.* , which should match everything that contains a period and does not start with a period, also works in my test in bash, Arch Linux:

$ find * -type f
out/a/source/4232352.txt
out/a/source/1312312.txt
out/a/source/4234234.txt
out/a/source/.keepme
out/a/parsed/1231222.csv
out/a/parsed/9593343.csv
out/a/parsed/5675675.csv
out/a/parsed/.keepme
$ cat .gitignore
out/**/[!.]*.*

$ git init && git add -A && git status --ignored
# On branch master
#
# Initial commit
#
# Changes to be committed:
#   (use "git rm --cached <file>..." to unstage)
#
#   new file:   .gitignore
#   new file:   out/a/parsed/.keepme
#   new file:   out/a/source/.keepme
#
# Ignored files:
#   (use "git add -f <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
#
#   out/a/parsed/1231222.csv
#   out/a/parsed/5675675.csv
#   out/a/parsed/9593343.csv
#   out/a/source/1312312.txt
#   out/a/source/4232352.txt
#   out/a/source/4234234.txt

EDIT: It seems this actually doesn't work in the git bash bundled with the Windows version of git, there none of the above files are ignored by this .gitignore .