如何处理python导入，以便它们与py2和py3轻松配合？

Question

I am looking for a way to write python packages and modules that makes them Python 3 friendly and also it makes easy to import them.

Most common case is that you have one major class that you want to provide to the users, call it MyCode .

Your package would be named mycode and you would put the body of MyCode class into mycode/mycode.py .

Now, you would expect that people could do one of these:

import mycode
obj = mycode.MyClass()

or:

from mycode import MyClass()
obj = MyClass()

Now, the question is what you should put inside the __init__.py in order to make this work, in both python 2.6+ and 3.x.

Answer 1

Use absolute imports, it'll work fine across python versions. Inside mycode/__init__.py put:

from __future__ import absolute_import

from mycode.mycode import MyClass

where the __future__ import works from Python 2.5 and onwards; see PEP 328 . Without the absolute_import import, import mycode is ambiguous; Python 3 will treat it as absolute and load the top-level package, Python 2 treats it as relative and import the nested module instead.

The alternative is to use a relative import:

from .mycode import MyClass

which will work across the same spectrum of versions.

Answer 2

from mycode import *添加到mycode/__init__.py将使mycode/mycode.py的内容可从mycode包中导入，就像它只是一个普通的模块（如mycode.py ）一样，与从中import mycode时一样与mycode.py脚本（ /mycode/ ）相同的目录，或相对导入mycode/mycode.py ...