在Python中将有限的dict值解压缩为局部变量的优雅方法

Question

I'm looking for an elegant way to extract some values from a Python dict into local values.

Something equivalent to this, but cleaner for a longer list of values, and for longer key/variable names:

d = { 'foo': 1, 'bar': 2, 'extra': 3 }
foo, bar = d['foo'], d['bar']

I was originally hoping for something like the following:

foo, bar = d.get_tuple('foo', 'bar')

I can easily write a function which isn't bad:

def get_selected_values(d, *args):
    return [d[arg] for arg in args]

foo, bar = get_selected_values(d, 'foo', 'bar')

But I keep having the sneaking suspicion that there is some other builtin way.

Answer 1

You can do something like

foo, bar = map(d.get, ('foo', 'bar'))

or

foo, bar = itemgetter('foo', 'bar')(d)

This may save some typing, but essentially is the same as what you are doing (which is a good thing).

Answer 2

Well, if you know the names ahead of time, you can just do as you suggest.

If you don't know them ahead of time, then stick with using the dict - that's what they're for.

If you insist, an alternative would be:

varobj = object()
for k,v in d.iteritems(): setattr(varobj,k,v)

After which keys will be variables on varobj.

Answer 3

Somewhat horrible, but:

globals().update((k, v) for k, v in d.iteritems() if k in ['foo', 'bar'])

Note, that while this is possible - it's something you don't really want to be doing as you'll be polluting a namespace that should just be left inside the dict itself...

Answer 4

If you're looking for elegance with performance across python versions, sadly I don't think you're gonna get any better than:

unpack = lambda a,b,c,**kw: (a,b,c) # static

d = dict( a=1, b=2, c=3, d=4, e=5 )

a,b,c = unpack(**d)

Answer 5

The elegant solution:

d = { "foo": 123, "bar": 456, None: 789 }
foo, bar, baz = d.values()  # 123, 456, 789

Notice that keys are not used, so be sure to get the order of your variables right, ie they must match the order that the keys were inserted into the map (this ordering is guaranteed since Python 3.6). If in doubt about ordering, use the other methods.