改进preg / pcre / regex以查找PHP变量

Question

String to parse:

$str = "
public   $xxxx123;
private  $_priv   ;
         $xxx     = 'test';
private  $arr_123 = array();
"; //    |       |
   //     ^^^^^^^---- get the variable name

What I got so far:

    $str = preg_match_all('/\$\S+(;|[[:space:]])/', $str, $matches);
    foreach ($matches[0] as $match) {
        $match = str_replace('$', '', $match);
        $match = str_replace(';', '', $match);
     }

It works but I want to know if I can improve the preg , eg get rid of the two str_replace and maybe include \\t in (;|[[:space:]])

Answer 1

Using a positive lookbehind, you can get only that what you need, to be sure you'll only match valid variable names, I've used this:

preg_match_all('/(?<=\$)[a-zA-Z_\x7f-\xff][a-zA-Z0-9_\x7f-\xff]*/',$str,$matches);
var_dump($matches);

which correctly shows:

array (
  0 => 
  array (
    0 => 'xxxx123',
    1 => '_priv',
    2 => 'xxx',
    3 => 'arr_123'
  )
)

Which is all you need, no memory waisted on an array containing all variables with their leading and/or trailing chars.

The expression:

• (?<=\\$) is a positive lookbehind
• [a-zA-Z_\\x7f-\\xff][a-zA-Z0-9_\\x7f-\\xff]* : is the regex PHP's site suggests themselves on their document pages

Answer 2

simply use backreferences

preg_match_all('/\$(\S+?)[;\s=]/', $str, $matches);
foreach ($matches[1] as $match) {

     // $match is now only the name of the variable without $ and ;
}

Answer 3

I changed the regex a little bit, take a look:

$str = '
public   $xxxx123;
private  $_priv   ;
         $xxx     = "test";
private  $arr_123 = array();
';

$matches = array();

//$str = preg_match_all('/\$(\S+)[; ]/', $str, $matches);
$str = preg_match_all('/\$(\S+?)(?:[=;]|\s+)/', $str, $matches); //credits for mr. @booobs for this regex

print_r($matches);

The output:

Array
(
    [0] => Array
        (
            [0] => $xxxx123;
            [1] => $_priv 
            [2] => $xxx 
            [3] => $arr_123 
        )

    [1] => Array
        (
            [0] => xxxx123
            [1] => _priv
            [2] => xxx
            [3] => arr_123
        )

)

Now you can use the $matches[1] in the foreach loop.

::Update::

After using regex "/\\$([a-zA-Z_\\x7f-\\xff][a-zA-Z0-9_\\x7f-\\xff]*)/" the output looks correct.

String:

$str = '
public   $xxxx123; $input1;$input3
private  $_priv   ;
         $xxx     = "test";
private  $arr_123 = array();

';

And the output:

Array
(
    [0] => Array
        (
            [0] => $xxxx123
            [1] => $input1
            [2] => $input3
            [3] => $_priv
            [4] => $xxx
            [5] => $arr_123
        )

    [1] => Array
        (
            [0] => xxxx123
            [1] => input1
            [2] => input3
            [3] => _priv
            [4] => xxx
            [5] => arr_123
        )

)