如何在没有交互式控制台的情况下进行调试

Question

As a self-taught programmer, I learned to debug using an interactive console that kept all of my variables in memory when I build /run the script. However, I noticed the overwhelming trend for debugging in IDEs (and, I suppose CLI + Editor solutions, for that matter) is to build your script in one place and provide a separate console "sandbox" type area that only keeps variables if you copy/paste your code.

How do you debug without an interactive console? Can anyone list a few debugging steps that could help me be a better programmer / debugger?

Currently, this is a very simplified version of what I do:

1. Write some pseudocode (sometimes)
2. Write some code in an editor that should work
3. run / build the script
4. Check stdout for errors
5. If no errors, then 7.
6. If errors, then back to 2 after fixing the offending code.
7. Type variable names into console to verify that they look like I anticipated.
8. Rinse and Repeat until it works as I intended.

Answer 1

The best way to do this would be to write tests . That automates steps 3 through 7 for you. It also prevents regressions from occurring when you change other code.

Answer 2

you can use the q module for this easily https://pypi.python.org/pypi/q

xyxy.py

import q
do_something()
q.d() #this will open interactive shell

def f():
    do_something()
    q.d() #open console here with access to all local variables of f

you can also use automated tests (builtin unittest module or nosetests or something else)

Answer 3

使用一个不错的python IDE-那里有很多东西，您将可以通过在鼠标悬停或添加监视来在断点处停止检查变量，并进入一个上下文控制台，在该控制台中您可以在断点的上下文中与代码进行交互。

Answer 4

在问题代码区域之间使用打印语句...否则，只需下载一个好的IDE

Answer 5

It turns out that PyCharm, at least, DOES have an interactive console and the default keymapping (on Mac) is option-shift-E. Then your variables are loaded in memory. However, the suggestions above are better programming practices.