[英]How to get the name of an exception that was caught in Python?
How can I get the name of an exception that was raised in Python?如何获取在 Python 中引发的异常的名称?
eg,例如,
try:
foo = bar
except Exception as exception:
name_of_exception = ???
assert name_of_exception == 'NameError'
print "Failed with exception [%s]" % name_of_exception
For example, I am catching multiple (or all) exceptions, and want to print the name of the exception in an error message.例如,我正在捕获多个(或所有)异常,并希望在错误消息中打印异常的名称。
Here are a few different ways to get the name of the class of the exception:以下是获取异常类名称的几种不同方法:
type(exception).__name__
exception.__class__.__name__
exception.__class__.__qualname__
eg,例如,
try:
foo = bar
except Exception as exception:
assert type(exception).__name__ == 'NameError'
assert exception.__class__.__name__ == 'NameError'
assert exception.__class__.__qualname__ == 'NameError'
You can also use sys.exc_info()
.您也可以使用sys.exc_info()
。 exc_info()
returns 3 values: type, value, traceback. exc_info()
返回 3 个值:类型、值、回溯。 On documentation: https://docs.python.org/3/library/sys.html#sys.exc_info关于文档: https : //docs.python.org/3/library/sys.html#sys.exc_info
import sys
try:
foo = bar
except Exception:
exc_type, value, traceback = sys.exc_info()
assert exc_type.__name__ == 'NameError'
print "Failed with exception [%s]" % exc_type.__name__
This works, but it seems like there must be an easier, more direct way?这有效,但似乎必须有一种更简单、更直接的方法?
try:
foo = bar
except Exception as exception:
assert repr(exception) == '''NameError("name 'bar' is not defined",)'''
name = repr(exception).split('(')[0]
assert name == 'NameError'
If you want the fully qualified class name (eg sqlalchemy.exc.IntegrityError
instead of just IntegrityError
), you can use the function below, which I took from MB's awesome answer to another question (I just renamed some variables to suit my tastes):如果你想要完全限定的类名(例如sqlalchemy.exc.IntegrityError
而不仅仅是IntegrityError
),你可以使用下面的函数,我从MB对另一个问题的精彩回答中获取(我只是重命名了一些变量以适应我的口味):
def get_full_class_name(obj):
module = obj.__class__.__module__
if module is None or module == str.__class__.__module__:
return obj.__class__.__name__
return module + '.' + obj.__class__.__name__
Example:例子:
try:
# <do something with sqlalchemy that angers the database>
except sqlalchemy.exc.SQLAlchemyError as e:
print(get_full_class_name(e))
# sqlalchemy.exc.IntegrityError
You can print the exception using some formated strings:您可以使用一些格式化的字符串打印异常:
Example:例子:
try:
#Code to execute
except Exception as err:
print(f"{type(err).__name__} was raised: {err}")
这里的其他答案非常适合探索,但如果主要目标是记录异常(包括异常的名称),也许可以考虑使用logging.exception而不是打印?
声明:本站的技术帖子网页,遵循CC BY-SA 4.0协议,如果您需要转载,请注明本站网址或者原文地址。任何问题请咨询:yoyou2525@163.com.