编译linux内核的make文件时出问题？

Question

I have just started with linux kernel development and I am having issue with compiling make file.

It is the tutorial of hello world.

My hello-1.c file

*
* hello−1.c − The simplest kernel module.
*/
#include <linux/module.h>
/* Needed by all modules */
#include <linux/kernel.h>
/* Needed for KERN_INFO */
int init_module(void)
{
printk(KERN_INFO "Hello world 1.\n");
/*
* A non 0 return means init_module failed; module can't be loaded.
*/
return 0;
}
void cleanup_module(void)
{
printk(KERN_INFO "Goodbye world 1.\n");
}

My Makefile

obj−m += hello−1.o

all:
        make −C /lib/modules/$(shell uname −r)/build M=$(PWD) modules

clean:
        make −C /lib/modules/$(shell uname −r)/build M=$(PWD) clean

Both of this file are in folder /home/kkr/Documents/HelloWorld

When i run the make command I am getting below output.

uname: extra operand `−r'
Try `uname --help' for more information.
make −C /lib/modules//build M=/home/kkr/Documents/HelloWorld modules
make[1]: Entering directory `/home/kkr/Documents/HelloWorld'
make[1]: *** No rule to make target `−C'.  Stop.
make[1]: Leaving directory `/home/kkr/Documents/HelloWorld'
make: *** [all] Error 2

Can any body have any idea what is the root cause ? I know it is very simple still I am not able to come out from this ?

Thanks

Answer 1

$(shell uname −r)
              ^
           This is not a - (dash , minus) character.

You want

$(shell uname -r)

Answer 2

I had faced the same problem initially.

The contents of Makefile shouldn't be copied. The copying will change some characters so the 'make' command won't recognize them anymore.

To properly build the module, you need to manually type the code in Makefile.