国际象棋程序的线程“main”java.lang.NullPointerException中的异常

Question

I'm trying to write a 4 square chess game. I want to add buttons for up, down, left, right, left up diag, left down diag, right up diag and right down diag. After I tried adding my buttons, it started giving me the error.

import java.awt.*;
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.event.*;

class chessGame extends JFrame implements ActionListener {
    JPanel p1, p2, p3, p4, buttons;
    JButton up, down, left, right, lud, ldd, rud, rdd;
    chessGame() {
        Container c = getContentPane();

        p1 = new JPanel();
        p1.setBackground(Color.black);
        p1.setOpaque(true);
        p1.setLocation(200,200);
        p1.setPreferredSize(new Dimension(90, 90));
        p2 = new JPanel();
        p2.setBackground(Color.white);
        p2.setOpaque(true);
        p2.setLocation(250,200);
        p2.setPreferredSize(new Dimension(90, 90));
        p3 = new JPanel();
        p3.setBackground(Color.white);
        p3.setOpaque(true);
        p3.setLocation(300,300);
        p3.setPreferredSize(new Dimension(90, 90));
        p4 = new JPanel();
        p4.setBackground(Color.black);
        p4.setOpaque(true);
        p4.setLocation(550,500);
        p4.setPreferredSize(new Dimension(90, 90));

        up = new JButton("UP");
        down = new JButton("DOWN");
        left = new JButton("LEFT");
        right = new JButton("RIGHT");
        lud = new JButton("LEFT UP DIAG.");
        ldd = new JButton("LEFT DOWN DIAG.");
        rud = new JButton("RIGHT UP DIAG.");
        rdd = new JButton("RIGHT DOWN DIAG.");

        buttons.add(up);
        buttons.add(down);
        buttons.add(left);
        buttons.add(right);
        buttons.add(lud);
        buttons.add(ldd);
        buttons.add(rud);
        buttons.add(rdd);
        c.add(p1);
        c.add(p2);
        c.add(p3);
        c.add(p4);
        c.add(buttons);
        c.setLayout(new FlowLayout());
        setVisible(true);
        setSize(200,400);
        setResizable(false);

    }

    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {

    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        chessGame output = new chessGame();
    }
}

Answer 1

You forgot to initialize your buttons panel

Thus when doing buttons.add(up); it throws a NullPointerException .

NullPointerException is often easy to catch. Check the error stack and you we'll see at which lane this is thrown and therefore can detect what have not been initialized.