为什么 String.matches 在 Java 中返回 false？

Question

if("test%$@*)$(%".matches("[^a-zA-Z\\.]"))
    System.exit(0);

if("te/st.txt".matches("[^a-zA-Z\\.]"))
    System.exit(0);

The program isn't exiting even though the regexes should be returning true. What's wrong with the code?

Answer 1

matches returns true only if regex matches entire string . In your case your regex represents only one character that is not az , AZ or . .

I suspect that you want to check if string contains one of these special characters which you described in regex. In that case surround your regex with .* to let regex match entire string. Oh, and you don't have to escape . inside character class [.] .

if ("test%$@*)$(%".matches(".*[^a-zA-Z.].*")) {
    //string contains character that is not in rage a-z, A-Z, or '.'

---

BUT if you care about performance you can use Matcher#find() method which

1. can return true the moment it will find substring containing match for regex. This way application will not need to check rest of the text, which saves us more time the longer remaining text is.

2. Will not force us to constantly build Pattern object each time String#matches(regex) is called, because we can create Pattern once and reuse it with different data.

Demo:

Pattern p = Pattern.compile("[^a-zA-Z\\.]");

Matcher m = p.matcher("test%$@*)$(%");
if(m.find())
    System.exit(0);

//OR with Matcher inlined since we don't really need that variable
if (p.matcher("test%$@*)$(%").find())
    System.exit(0);

Answer 2

x.matches(y) is equivalent to

Pattern.compile(y).matcher(x).matches()

and requires the whole string x to match the regex y . If you just want to know if there is some substring of x that matches y then you need to use find() instead of matches() :

if(Pattern.compile("[^a-zA-Z.]").matcher("test%$@*)$(%").find())
    System.exit(0);

Alternatively you could reverse the sense of the test:

if(!"test%$@*)$(%".matches("[a-zA-Z.]*"))

by providing a pattern that matches the strings that are allowed rather than the characters that aren't, and then seeing whether the test string fails to match this pattern.

Answer 3

您始终获得 false，因为仅当模式匹配完整字符串时， matches()方法才返回 true。