如何获取系统调用调用的程序的退出代码？

Question

For example, Program a.out :

int main()
{
    return 0x10;
}

Program b.out :

int main()
{
    if(system("./a.out") == 0x10)
       return 0;
    else
       return -1;
}

According to cppreference , the return value of system() is implementation-dependent . Thus, the attempt of program b.out is obvious erroneous.

In the case above, how can I get 0x10 instead of an undetermined value? If system call is not the right tool, what's the proper way to do this?

Answer 1

Quoting man system :

The value returned is -1 on  error  (e.g.   fork(2)  failed),  and  the
return  status  of the command otherwise.  This latter return status is
in the format specified in wait(2).  Thus, the exit code of the command
will  be  WEXITSTATUS(status).   In case /bin/sh could not be executed,
the exit status will be that of a command that does exit(127).

You need to use WEXITSTATUS to determine the exit code of the command. Your bc needs to look something like:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/wait.h>
int main()
{
    int ret = system("./a.out");
    if (WEXITSTATUS(ret) == 0x10)
      return 0;
    else
      return 1;
}

Answer 2

If you're on a unix system, you should use fork execve and wait.

Here a sample code of your case:

Program b.out:

int main()
{
    return 0x10;
}

pRogram a.out:

int main()
{
 int pbPid = 0;
 int returnValue;
 if ((pbPid = fork()) == 0)
 {
  char* arg[]; //argument to program b
  execv("pathto program b", arg);
 }
 else
 {
  waitpid(pbPid, &returnValue, 0);
 }
 returnValue = WEXITSTATUS(returnValue);
 return 0;
}

Answer 3

system call is good, but you have to pay attention of your command to execute. I run something like 'myscript.sh p1 p2 p3 | tee /mylog' and got always ok back. The problem is the pipe. system always returned the exit code of the last command which always worked and not the result of the myscript. So, only use pipe in the command to execute if you don't expect exit code of first command.