在Python中使用subprocess.call（'dir'，shell = True）时找不到指定的文件

Question

In a 64-bit system with 32 bit python 2.7 installed I am trying to do the following:

import subprocess
p = subprocess.call('dir', shell=True)
print p

But this gives me:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "test.py", line 2, in <module>
    p = subprocess.call('dir', shell=True)
  File "C:\Python27\lib\subprocess.py", line 522, in call
    return Popen(*popenargs, **kwargs).wait()
  File "C:\Python27\lib\subprocess.py", line 709, in __init__
    errread, errwrite)
  File "C:\Python27\lib\subprocess.py", line 957, in _execute_child
    startupinfo)
  WindowsError: [Error 2] The system cannot find the file specified

If I in the terminal do...

dir

...it of course prints the present folder content.

I have tried to change the shell parameter to shell=False.

Edit: Actually I cannot call any executable on the path with subprocess.call() . The statement p = subprocess.call('dir', shell=True) works fine on another machine and I think that it is related.

If I do

 subprocess.call('PATH', shell=True)

then I get

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "test.py", line 4, in <module>
    subprocess.call('PATH', shell=True)
  File "C:\Python27\lib\subprocess.py", line 522, in call
     return Popen(*popenargs, **kwargs).wait()
  File "C:\Python27\lib\subprocess.py", line 709, in __init__
    errread, errwrite)
  File "C:\Python27\lib\subprocess.py", line 957, in _execute_child
    startupinfo)
WindowsError: [Error 2] The system cannot find the file specified

If I do:

import os
print os.curdir

then I get

.

All of the above is executed in the terminal started in Administrator mode.

Answer 1

I think you may have a problem with your COMSPEC environment variable:

>>> import os
>>> os.environ['COMSPEC']
'C:\\Windows\\system32\\cmd.exe'
>>> import subprocess
>>> subprocess.call('dir', shell=True)

    (normal output here)

>>> os.environ['COMSPEC'] = 'C:\\nonexistent.exe'
>>> subprocess.call('dir', shell=True)
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
  File "c:\Python27\lib\subprocess.py", line 493, in call
    return Popen(*popenargs, **kwargs).wait()
  File "c:\Python27\lib\subprocess.py", line 679, in __init__
    errread, errwrite)
  File "c:\Python27\lib\subprocess.py", line 896, in _execute_child
    startupinfo)
WindowsError: [Error 2] The system cannot find the file specified

I discovered this potential issue by digging into subprocess.py and looking in the _execute_child function, as pointed-to by the traceback. There, you'll find a block starting with if shell: that will search the environment for said variable and use it to create the arguments used to launch the process.

Answer 2

Before downvote, note that the question was edited after i posted this answer.

I think os.listdir is more suitable for your case:

>>> import os
>>> os.listdir()
['1.txt', '2.txt', '3.txt', 'DLLs', 'Doc', 'e.txt', 'include', 'Lib', 'libs', 'LICENSE.txt', 'm.txt', 'msvcr100.dll', 'NEWS.txt', 'py.exe', 'python.exe', 'python33.dll', 'pythonw.exe', 'pyw.exe', 'README.txt', 'Scripts', 't.txt', 'tcl', 'Tools']

If you want to run it in the command line itself, and just feeling like to call it, you can use os.sytem :

os.system('dir')

This will run the commmand, but it returns 0 and you can't store it.

Answer 3

In case anyone else besides me doesn't see this in the (3.4) docs right away:

On Windows with shell=True, the COMSPEC environment variable specifies the default shell. The only time you need to specify shell=True on Windows is when the command you wish to execute is built into the shell (eg dir or copy). You do not need shell=True to run a batch file or console-based executable.

Note Read the Security Considerations section before using shell=True.

Answer 4

使用Shell = True，它对我有用。