从地图中获取一部分键

Question

Is there any simpler/nicer way of getting a slice of keys from a map in Go?

Currently I am iterating over the map and copying the keys to a slice:

i := 0
keys := make([]int, len(mymap))
for k := range mymap {
    keys[i] = k
    i++
}

Answer 1

This is an old question, but here's my two cents. PeterSO's answer is slightly more concise, but slightly less efficient. You already know how big it's going to be so you don't even need to use append:

keys := make([]int, len(mymap))

i := 0
for k := range mymap {
    keys[i] = k
    i++
}

In most situations it probably won't make much of a difference, but it's not much more work, and in my tests (using a map with 1,000,000 random int64 keys and then generating the array of keys ten times with each method), it was about 20% faster to assign members of the array directly than to use append.

Although setting the capacity eliminates reallocations, append still has to do extra work to check if you've reached capacity on each append.

Answer 2

For example,

package main

func main() {
    mymap := make(map[int]string)
    keys := make([]int, 0, len(mymap))
    for k := range mymap {
        keys = append(keys, k)
    }
}

To be efficient in Go, it's important to minimize memory allocations.

Answer 3

You also can take an array of keys with type []Value by method MapKeys of struct Value from package "reflect":

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "reflect"
)

func main() {
    abc := map[string]int{
        "a": 1,
        "b": 2,
        "c": 3,
    }

    keys := reflect.ValueOf(abc).MapKeys()

    fmt.Println(keys) // [a b c]
}

Answer 4

Go now has generics. We can get the keys of any map with maps.Keys .

Example usage is very simple

    intMap := map[int]int{1: 1, 2: 2}
    intKeys := maps.Keys(intMap)
    // intKeys is []int
    fmt.Println(intKeys)

    strMap := map[string]int{"alpha": 1, "bravo": 2}
    strKeys := maps.Keys(strMap)
    // strKeys is []string
    fmt.Println(strKeys)

maps package is found in golang.org/x/exp/maps . This is experimental and outside of Go compatibility guarantee. They aim to move it into the std lib in Go 1.19

It works on go playground https://go.dev/play/p/fkm9PrJYTly

Maybe a few users don't like to import exp packages, we can copy the source code :

// Keys returns the keys of the map m.
// The keys will be an indeterminate order.
func Keys[M ~map[K]V, K comparable, V any](m M) []K {
    r := make([]K, 0, len(m))
    for k := range m {
        r = append(r, k)
    }
    return r
}

Answer 5

A nicer way to do this would be to use append :

keys = []int{}
for k := range mymap {
    keys = append(keys, k)
}

Other than that, you're out of luck—Go isn't a very expressive language.

Answer 6

I made a sketchy benchmark on the three methods described in other responses.

Obviously pre-allocating the slice before pulling the keys is faster than append ing, but surprisingly, the reflect.ValueOf(m).MapKeys() method is significantly slower than the latter:

❯ go run scratch.go
populating
filling 100000000 slots
done in 56.630774791s
running prealloc
took: 9.989049786s
running append
took: 18.948676741s
running reflect
took: 25.50070649s

Here's the code: https://play.golang.org/p/Z8O6a2jyfTH (running it in the playground aborts claiming that it takes too long, so, well, run it locally.)

Answer 7

Visit https://play.golang.org/p/dx6PTtuBXQW

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "sort"
)

func main() {
    mapEg := map[string]string{"c":"a","a":"c","b":"b"}
    keys := make([]string, 0, len(mapEg))
    for k := range mapEg {
        keys = append(keys, k)
    }
    sort.Strings(keys)
    fmt.Println(keys)
}

Answer 8

A generic version (go 1.18+) of Vinay Pai 's answer .

// MapKeysToSlice extract keys of map as slice,
func MapKeysToSlice[K comparable, V any](m map[K]V) []K {
    keys := make([]K, len(m))

    i := 0
    for k := range m {
        keys[i] = k
        i++
    }
    return keys
}

Answer 9

There is a cool lib called lo

A Lodash-style Go library based on Go 1.18+ Generics (map, filter, contains, find...)

With this lib you could do many convinient operations like map, filter, reduce and more. Also there are some helpers for map type

Keys

Creates an array of the map keys.

keys := lo.Keys[string, int](map[string]int{"foo": 1, "bar": 2})
// []string{"bar", "foo"}

Values

Creates an array of the map values.

values := lo.Values[string, int](map[string]int{"foo": 1, "bar": 2})
// []int{1, 2}

Answer 10

https://github.com/chenhg5/collection is a package which can help you. like this:

a := map[string]interface{}{
    "name": "mike",
    "sex":  1,
}

fmt.Println(Collect(a).Keys().ToStringArray())

// Output: []string{"name", "sex"}