[英]Importing from another directory
I am structuring my Python application with the following folder architecture (roughly following the outline here ): 我正在使用以下文件夹架构构建我的Python应用程序(大致遵循此处的大纲):
myapp:
myapp_service1:
myapp_service1_start.py
...
myapp_service2:
myapp_service2_start.py
...
myapp_service3:
myapp_service3_start.py
...
common:
myapp_common1.py
myapp_common2.py
myapp_common3.py
...
scripts:
script1.py
script2.py
script3.py
...
tests:
...
docs:
...
LICENSE.txt
MANIFEST.in
README
This is ideal file/folder hierarchy for me, however, I am confused on how to reference modules from outside folders. 这对我来说是理想的文件/文件夹层次结构,但是,我对如何从外部文件夹引用模块感到困惑。 For instance, myapp_service1_start.py
needs to reference function in myapp_common1.py
and myapp_common2.py
. 例如, myapp_service1_start.py
需要引用myapp_common1.py
和myapp_common2.py
函数。
I know I need to somehow add reference to the system path
or pythonpath
, but I'm not sure the best way to do this in code. 我知道我需要以某种方式添加对系统path
或pythonpath
,但我不确定在代码中执行此操作的最佳方法。 Or rather where I would even do this in code. 或者更确切地说,我甚至会在代码中执行此操作。
How can I do this? 我怎样才能做到这一点?
I've seen a lot of posts about creating a full Python package to be installed via pip
, but this seems like overkill to me. 我已经看到了很多有关创建一个完整的Python包通过将要安装的职位pip
,但这似乎有点小题大做了我。
One way is to make each of your myapp_service*_start.py
files add myapp/
directory to sys.path
. 一种方法是使每个myapp_service*_start.py
文件将myapp/
目录添加到sys.path
。
For example, drop a file called import_me.py
into myapp_service1/
with code that appends the "one up" directory (relative to importing file) to sys.path
: 例如,拖放一个名为import_me.py
到myapp_service1/
与附加“一个向上”目录(相对于导入文件)到代码sys.path
:
import os
import sys
import inspect
this_dir = os.path.dirname(inspect.getfile(inspect.currentframe()))
src_dir = os.path.join(this_dir, '..')
sys.path.insert(0, src_dir)
Then, in your myapp_service1_start.py
you can do something like: 然后,在myapp_service1_start.py
您可以执行以下操作:
import import_me
from common import myapp_common1
from common import myapp_common2
Of course, be sure to make common
directory a Python package by dropping a (possibly empty) __init__.py
file into it. 当然,一定要通过将一个(可能为空的) __init__.py
文件放入其中来使common
目录成为Python包。
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